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There
is no doubt that AIDS erupted in the U.S. shortly after government-sponsored
hepatitis B vaccine experiments (1978-1981) using gay men as guinea pigs. The
epidemic was caused by the "introduction" of a new retrovirus (the
human
immunodeficiency virus, or HIV for short); and the introduction of a
new herpes-8 virus, the virus that causes Kaposi's sarcoma, widely known as
the "gay cancer" of AIDS. The taboo theory that AIDS is a man-made
disease is largely based on research showing an intimate connection between
government vaccine experiments and the outbreak of "the gay plague"
The
widely accepted theory is that HIV/AIDS originated in a monkey or chimpanzee
virus that "jumped species" in Africa. However, it is clear that
the first AIDS cases were recorded in gay men in Manhattan in 1979, a few
years before the epidemic was first noticed in Africa in 1982. It is now
claimed that the human herpes-8 virus (also called the KS virus), discovered
in 1994, also originated when a primate herpes virus jumped species in
Africa. How two African species-jumping viruses ended up exclusively in gay
men in Manhattan beginning in the late 1970s has never been satisfactorily
explained.
Researchers
who claim AIDS is a man-made disease believe it is much more likely that
these two primate viruses were introduced and spread during the government's
recruitment of thousands of male homosexuals beginning in 1974.
Large
numbers of gay men in Manhattan donated blood for the experimental hepatitis
B vaccine trial, which took place at the New York Blood Center in Manhattan
in 1978. Extensive evidence supporting the man-made theory of AIDS is easily
found on the Internet by Googling: man-made origin of AIDS; and in my two
books, "AIDS and the Doctors of Death" and "Queer Blood: The
Secret AIDS Genocide Plot."
Government
interest in "gay health" before the AIDS epidemic
 Beginning
in the mid-1970s, government scientists became interested in the health of
gay men, particularly in the realm of sexually-transmitted diseases, and
specifically in the sexual transmission of the hepatitis B virus. The early
1970s was a time when large numbers of gays come out of the closet and
identified themselves as homosexuals at government-sponsored health clinics.
Organizations such as the Gay Men's Health Project were formed at this time.
Promiscuous gays were avidly sought as volunteers to test the efficacy of a
newly-developed hepatitis B vaccine manufactured by Merck and the National
Institutes of Health (NIH).
By
1977 over 13,000 Manhattan gays were screened to secure the final 1083 men
who would serve as guinea pigs to test the hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine
was manufactured from the combined plasma of 30 highly selected gay men who
carried the hepatitis B virus in their blood. Developed over a period of 65
weeks during 1977-1978 and tested for six months in chimpanzees (the primate
in which HIV is thought to have originated), the first group of gay men were
inoculated at the New York Blood Center in November 1978.
That
same year a final cohort of 6875 homosexual men at the San Francisco City
Clinic was assembled to study hepatitis B virus sexual transmission in that
city. By the end of the decade gays in clinics in Los Angeles, Denver,
Chicago, and St. Louis, also came under surveillance by the Centers for
Disease Control. An additional 1402 volunteers were finally selected to
participate in similar vaccine experiments in those cities beginning in March
1980.
Before
1978 there was no stored blood anywhere in the U.S. that tested positive for
HIV or the KS virus. There were no cases of AIDS and no cases of "gay
cancer" in young men.
The
first cases of AIDS appeared shortly after the experiment began in Manhattan.
In June 1981 the epidemic became official and was quickly labeled the
"gay related immune deficiency syndrome", later known as AIDS.
The
gay community was the most hated minority in America. After the experiments
ended, the gay community was decimated by the "gay plague." In the
first years of AIDS, the epidemic was largely ignored by the government (see
Randy Shilt's best-seller, "And the Band Played On") and the
disease was blamed on gay anal sex, drugs, and promiscuity. Gays were
immediately labeled "high risk."
In
my view, what made gay men "high risk" was the fact that they were
the exclusive volunteers for government medical experiments that undoubtedly
put them at "high risk." The evidence for this conclusion is
outlined in this report. Further evidence can be obtained from abstracts of
scientific reports available on the Internet at the PubMed website of the
National Library of Medicine.
The
gay hepatitis B experiments (1978-1981)
The
experimental hepatitis B vaccine injected into gays was unlike any other
vaccine previously made. As stated, it was developed in chimpanzees and
manufactured in a year-long process of sterilization and purification of the
pooled blood of 30 gay men who were hepatitis B virus carriers.
The
final group of 1083 selected for the first experiment at the Blood Center
were inoculated from November 1978 until October 1979. At one point, there
was great concern that the vaccine might be contaminated. According to June
Goodfield's Quest for the Killers, p 86, "This was no theoretical fear,
contamination having been suspected in one batch made by the National
Institutes of Health, though never in Merck's." Each gay man was given
three inoculations of the vaccine over a period of three months. The vaccine
proved successful with 96% of the men developing protective antibodies
against the hepatitis B virus.
It
has been assumed by some that these men might have been already
immunosuppressed due to promiscuity and venereal disease. Although the young
men in the study were indeed "promiscuous" (this was a requirement
for entrance into the study), they were in excellent health. Despite many
previous sexual partners, these volunteers had never been infected with the
hepatitis B virus, which was a requirement for participation in the
experiment. Furthermore, the 96% success rate would not have been
accomplished if the men were immunosuppressed, because such people often do
not respond to the vaccine.
When
Robert Gallo's blood test for HIV became available in the mid-1980s, the New
York Blood Center's stored gay blood specimens were reexamined. Most
astonishing is the fact that 20% of the gay men who volunteered for the
hepatitis B experiment in Manhattan were discovered to be HIV-positive in
1980 (one year before the AIDS epidemic became "official" in 1981).
This signifies that Manhattan gays in 1980 had the highest incidence of HIV anywhere
in the world, including Africa, the supposed birthplace of HIV and AIDS. In
addition, we now know that one out of five gay men (20%) tested positive for
the new KS herpes-8 virus in 1982 when stored blood samples from an AIDS
trial in New York City were re-examined by epidemiologists at the NCI in
1999.
Never
mentioned by AIDS historians is the fact that the New York Blood Center
established a chimp virus laboratory for viral vaccine research in West
Africa in 1974. One of the purposes of VILAB II, in Robertsfield, Liberia,
was to develop the hepatitis B vaccine in chimps. The lab also prides itself
by releasing "rehabilitated" (but virus-infected) chimps back into
the wild, perhaps accounting for some of the ancestors of HIV and the KS
virus found in the jungle by some government researchers.
The
Virus Cancer Program and the birth of AIDS
In
the decade before AIDS the Virus Cancer Program (1968-1980), sponsored by the
National Institutes of Health, attempted to prove that viruses caused human cancer.
Ultimately the Program was unsuccessful in providing proof, yet it succeeded
in building up the field of animal retrovirology, which led to a more
complete understanding of how cancer-causing and immunosuppressive viruses in
animals might cause disease in humans. The VCP was also the birthplace of
genetic engineering, molecular biology, and the human genome project. As the
VCP was winding down in the late 1970s, the gay experiments began in New York
City.
The
introduction of HIV and the KS herpes virus into gay men during this period
(along with some "novel" and now-patented mycoplasmas discovered at
the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology) miraculously revived the career of
Robert Gallo and made him the most famous virologist in the world. And, of
course, turned the "failure" of the VCP into a triumph by providing
proof that these primate-derived viruses could cause disease in humans.
The
fear of the hepatitis B vaccine
When
AIDS began there were scattered reports in the medical journals questioning
whether the "gay plague" might have its origin in the hepatitis B
experiments. It was well-known in medical circles that the vaccine was made
from the pooled plasma of gay men - and there was fear that the AIDS agent
might be in the vaccine. As a result, when the hepatitis B commercial vaccine
became available in July 1982, many people refused to be injected with it.
The
fear of the vaccine was readily admitted by the CDC. Nevertheless, in
detailed reports the CDC concluded that the vaccine was safe. Although it was
clear the hepatitis B vaccine eliminated all "known" viruses, this
obviously did not apply to "unknown" viruses at the time, such as
HIV and the KS virus.
After
HIV was discovered in 1984 some of the vaccine was retested and declared free
of HIV. Of course, it was impossible to say whether the vaccine contained the
KS virus, because this virus was undiscovered until 1994. I am unaware of any
subsequent testing of the vaccine for this herpes KS virus.
Possible
contamination problems with the hepatitis vaccine was the impetus that led
Luc Montagnier to hunt for a virus in the new gay disease in the autumn of
1982. He began testing batches of human plasma for "reverse
transcriptase activity", a biochemical sign indicating the possible
presence of a retrovirus. (See page 46 of his book "Virus").
Montagnier's research eventually led to the first discovery of the AIDS virus
at the Pasteur Institute in Paris.
Although
the CDC and the New York Blood Center claimed it was safe, many health
professionals refused the hepatitis B vaccine. In 1985, only 23 out of 162
Rhode Island dentists agreed to take the vaccine because of concerns about
AIDS. As late as 1990, 13 out of 14 black nurses at a university hospital
refused to take the vaccine for the same reason.
The
fate of the gay men in the gay experiments
The
purpose of the gay experiments was to test a vaccine that could immunize
people against hepatitis B virus. Infection with this virus could lead to
severe liver disease and sometimes to liver cancer. Ironically, an
unprecedented explosion of cancer took place in male homosexuals after the
experiment. Reports of the fate of these men attest to the fact that
participating in the government's experiments was clearly injurious to the
health of gay men.
Significantly,
there were no reported blood specimens anywhere in the U.S. that were
HIV-positive prior to the epidemic in 1979, except in the samples stored at
the NYBC.
In
a May 12, 1983, letter to the editor of The New England Journal of Medicine,
Cladd Stevens (who supervised the NYBC experiment) wrote : "No cases
haves occurred in the vaccine recipients from populations at low risk of
AIDS, and there is no excess incidence in the high-risk population." But
this proved to be incorrect in later reports co-authored by Stevens.
In
a 1985 report Cladd Stevens et al. claimed that seven men (out of 1083) were
HIV-positive before they received either vaccine or placebo. If true, this
indicates that HIV (and possibly the KS virus) was already present in the
blood of Manhattan homosexuals and could have contaminated the pooled blood
of gays whose plasma was used to make the vaccine in 1977.
As
stated previously, a 1986 report in JAMA showed 20% of the men in the
experiment were already infected with HIV by the end of 1981; and by 1984,
more than 40% of the men were HIV-positive and doomed to death.
Another
follow-up study of 8,906 gay men who donated blood for the hepatitis
experiments in Manhattan was released in 1992. Statistical analysis of this
group showed that mortality rates for men aged 25-44 began to rise in the
1980s, with AIDS the leading cause of death among young men in New York City.
Remarkably, "The all-cause mortality in this cohort in 1988 was 24 times
higher that the mortality rate in the cohort before the beginning of the AIDS
epidemic."
Was
the hepatitis B vaccine contaminated with HIV and the KS virus?
Largely
forgotten in AIDS history is the hepatitis B vaccine trial that also took
place with 685 gay Dutch volunteers in Amsterdam between November 1980 and
December 1981. Unlike the American vaccine makers, the Dutch researchers
heated their experimental hepatitis B vaccine for added safety.
A
1986 report of the trial clearly states the AIDS virus "was not
transmitted by the heat inactivated hepatitis B vaccine." Of the 685
participants, five were already infected with HIV when the trial began. The
researchers theorized that HIV entered the Dutch gay population at the end of
the 1970s.
Another
follow-up Dutch report of this trial in 1993 again suggests the efficacy of
heating the vaccine for safety. (The experimental vaccine was not heated in
the U.S. until after all the gay experiments were completed.) At the end of
1982, one year after the Dutch experiment had ended, only As stated
previously, a 1986 report in JAMA showed 20% of the men in the experiment
were already infected with HIV by the end of 1981; and by 1984, more than 40%
of the men were HIV-positive and doomed to death.
7.5%
of the Amsterdam men were infected. In contrast, 26.8% of the men in the New
York experiment were HIV-positive; and a whopping 42.6% of the San Francisco
men were HIV-positive. These statistics showing many men infected in the
American trials in 1982 further prove that Cladd Stevens of the NYBC, and the
CDC, were incorrect in declaring there was no excess incidence of AIDS in the
"high-risk" gay male population.
The
fate of all the men who participated in the hepatitis B vaccine trials in six
U.S cities has never been revealed. However, it is likely from the statistics
presented in JAMA in 1986 that many, if not most, of the men eventually died
of AIDS. The actual number of AIDS deaths has never been revealed, nor have
the individual medical records been studied. Attempts to secure this
information have been rebuffed by the Blood Center, due to the
"confidential" nature of the experiment.
"Gay
Cancer" and the origin of AIDS
After
the introduction of HIV and the KS virus into the U.S. gay male population in
the late 1970s, the incidence of KS skyrocketed.
A
1989 report by Biggar found no cases of KS in young men in New York City
during the years 1973-1976. But by 1985 the incidence of KS in
"never-married men" in Manhattan had increased 1850 times. In San
Francisco the rate of KS increased over 2000 times!
KS
is now 20,000 times more common in AIDS patients than in the general
population. A 1985 autopsy study by Lee Moskowitz of 52 AIDS cases (23
Haitians, 19 gays, 5 intravenous drug abusers, 2 hemophiliacs, and 3 persons
at unknown risk) showed that 94% of AIDS patients from the various risk
groups had internal KS. The CDC claims KS now occurs in only 15% of gay men
(down from 30% at the beginning of the epidemic), but these statistics are
not based on current autopsy studies
KS
was never a sexually-transmitted disease before the introduction of HIV into
gays. For a century after the first reported KS cases were discovered in
Vienna in 1872, there was no evidence that KS could be transmitted from person-to-person.
By
1950, a more aggressive "endemic" form of KS was uncovered in
African blacks. Still, there was no evidence the disease was transmissible or
contagious. Suddenly with the introduction of HIV into the homosexual
community, scientists began to view KS as a contagious "gay cancer"
out of Africa.
The
new KS virus is closely related to a monkey tumor virus, known as herpes
virus saimiri, that was extensively studied by researchers in the VCP in the
decade before the epidemic. Initially found only in KS from AIDS patients,
the new KS virus has also been found in non-AIDS-related KS tumors and in
other forms of cancer, such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
HIV
is a cancer-causing virus. Infection with HIV (with or without the KS virus)
has resulted in a noticeable increase in various forms of cancer. A 2005
study of over 4000 AIDS patients showed higher rates of melanoma, basal and
squamous cell skin carcinomas, anal carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and
Hodgkin disease, when compared with age-adjusted rates for the general United
States population.
The
KS virus is now in the U.S. blood supply; and blood is not screened routinely
for this virus. A 2001 study indicated that 15% of normal Texas blood donors
showed evidence of KS virus infection in the blood. A 2002 study of healthy
children (ages 4-13) in South Texas showed that 26% had antibodies to the KS
virus in their blood.
Is
AIDS a man-made disease?
How
did these two viruses of primate origin get into the gay male population to
cause AIDS and a contagious form of cancer? AIDS experts blame monkeys and
chimps in the African jungle. My research indicates it is much more likely
these viruses were introduced during government-sponsored hepatitis B
experiments using gays as unsuspecting guinea pigs. Extensive documentation
of past "secret medical experiments" by the government can be found
on Google. A recent BBC news report (30 Nov 2004) uncovering unauthorized and
dangerous HIV drug experiments on infants and children in New York City
orphanages can be found by Googling: BBC + guinea pig kids.
Until
proven otherwise, a "new" HIV retrovirus and a "new" KS
virus could easily have been developed in a laboratory as part of the Virus
Cancer Program. In the decade before AIDS it was common to transfer and adapt
primate retroviruses and herpes viruses into human cells in genetic
engineering experiments. Such viruses were deemed potential "candidate
human viruses," as clearly stated in the annual progress reports of the
VCP. For further details on the relationship of the VCP to the introduction
of HIV, Google: virus cancer program + AIDS.
The
connection between the hepatitis experiments and the AIDS epidemic was
quickly dismissed by government authorities two decades ago. However, it is
clear from a review of the scientific literature that the "gay
plague" began immediately after the government experiments; and the
experiments permanently damaged the health of the gay community, and led to
continuing spread of HIV into the "general population."
Are
we to believe that all this is merely a coincidence -and that AIDS in America
resulted simply from two viruses jumping species in the African jungle? Or is
the origin of HIV and AIDS -and the KS virus- related to secret medical
research and covert human testing, as suggested here.
[Dr.
Alan Cantwell is a retired dermatologist; and the author of five books on the
man-made origin of AIDS and the infectious origin of cancer, all published by
Aries Rising Press, PO Box 29532, Los Angeles, CA 90029
(www.ariesrisingpress.com). Email: alancantwell@sbcglobal.net. Abstracts of
30 published papers can be found at the PubMed website. Many of his personal
writings can be found on www.google.com by typing in key words "alan
cantwell" + articles. His latest book is Four Women Against Cancer:
Bacteria, Cancer and the Origin of Life. His books are available on
www.amazon.com and through Book Clearing House @ 1-800-431-1579]
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Cantwell
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