Our Republican Form of Government: Section 44 — Legal Persons and Territorial Courts from Anna Von Reitz
Section 44 — Legal Persons and Territorial Courts
As we learned when we first discussed the international
jurisdiction of the States, there are no living people in international
jurisdiction — only Lawful Persons on the land and Legal Persons on the sea.
All Persons are legal fictions, varying only in the degree
of their separation from the actual world and the jurisdiction in which they
operate.
Directly across the Bar from our Lawful Persons operating on
the international jurisdiction of the land, are Legal Persons operating in the
international jurisdiction of the sea.
The international jurisdiction of the sea, especially when
it overlaps onto the land, is also known as
“Territorial Jurisdiction” and the
Legal Persons occupying this jurisdiction may be referred to in some old law
books as “Territorials”.
Legal Persons all operate under systems of law known as
Codes, Statutes, and Regulations.
All transactions and interactions are accomplished by
contracts, both public and private, and those Legal Persons engaged in carrying
on business in the international jurisdiction of the sea act as employees of
corporations or officials representing corporations and/or the various
governments chartering the corporations.
This particular jurisdiction has long been the realm of the British Monarchs who have policed and dominated it for centuries. It should not surprise us, then, that a majority of those connected to this jurisdiction follow British nomenclature and traditions, one of which is the tradition of holding offices as trusts.
A trust requires a donor, a holder or trustee, and a beneficiary. In the British system of things, the Queen acts as the donor, the recipient of her office or commission acts as the holder/trustee, and at the end of the day, the office or commission granted returns to the Queen, her heirs or successors.
The office holder in such a grantor system receives a “title” — a label designating exactly what their rank and responsibility is. This is again a reference to the office being held as a trust, where the office holder holds the liability and duty (the legal title) and the Queen holds the benefit (the equitable title).
The title “Mister” indicates that the person being addressed is a Warrant Officer in the British Merchant Marine Service. It may also be applied to a Midshipman in the Queen’s Navy. So this one title, "Mister", can refer to someone engaged in international trade, or to a junior officer in the navy, depending on the context in which it is used.
The use of this term to address any man of legal age has become commonplace in this country, though obviously, it should not be. Misapplying it to average Americans creates the basis for legal presumptions that are inappropriate and disadvantageous to those Americans who appear to accept the title of “Mister” or “Missus” (a Mister’s wife) or “Miss” (a Mister’s spinster daughter).
The title “Esquire” indicates that the person being addressed is working as a Squire, the lowest rank of the British Nobility, from which they can aspire to become a Knight, a Lord, or even higher dignitary.
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Each and every one of
these titles and offices is a separate Legal Person, quite apart from the Legal
Person bearing the title.
These titles are foreign to America and Americans, however,
because we contracted to receive certain stipulated services from the British
Government they have gradually insinuated themselves upon our shores.
Make no mistake, however, that clueless as Americans may be,
our British counterparts are fully aware that when they call you “Mister” or
“Missus” or “Miss” they are attaching a title to you — and along with the title
go the responsibilities and duties associated with it, all owed to the Queen.
By using these titles to address you they are establishing
the contractual basis of prosecuting you under maritime or admiralty law. If
you call someone “Mister” and he answers to it, that is “probable cause” to
assume that he is operating in a capacity subject to the Queen.
The most egregious example of this occurs when millions of
Americans fill out 1040 Forms and claim under penalty of perjury that they are
acting as “Withholding Agents” — that is, as Warrant Officers in the British
Merchant Marine Service. These innocent people have no idea what a “Withholding
Agent” is, much less the jurisdiction in which a Withholding Agent functions,
but they have mistakenly acted as a Legal Person working as an unpaid volunteer
of a foreign (British) government, which then obligates them to perform
according to the standards of the job.
Our Forefathers were not as ignorant as we are today and saw
the manner in which this application of titles to living people could be
misused and how the benefits and privileges of some titles, such as “Esquire”
could become the basis for conflict of interest and split loyalties, so they
banned their use on our shores, but could not ban their use in the
international jurisdiction of the sea.
What does all this mean for us as members of American State
Jural Assemblies?
First and foremost it means that we must be able to
distinguish the difference between our courts and their courts, their law and
our law, their officers and our officials, their titles and our public offices.
We do not use a class system nor do we grant or use titles.
Esquires are not allowed in our courts. Our courts function on
self-representation aided by Lawful Counsel; this means that our Lawyers do not
speak for us. We speak for ourselves with their assistance and guidance with
respect to such issues as prior case law and standards of evidence.
In our courts, the only time that a lawyer is allowed to
speak for anyone is when the Public Prosecutor presents a murder case in behalf
of the victim or if someone has been harmed to the point that they cannot
physically or mentally present their own case.
We do not have “petit juries” which use six jurors to decide
cases in municipal courts. All our juries require twelve Jurors, including
Grand Juries. Likewise, we maintain the effort to establish peerage as much as
possible when selecting jury panels. Workmen should sit in judgement of workmen
and academics should sit in judgement of academics, and so on, so as to promote
a fair and insightful outcome.
We do not have Bailiffs, we have Bondsmen.
Our Justices do not swear any oath. They accept their
elected Public Office as a Public Trust owed to the People of their State in
front of Witnesses, but there is no talk of swearing
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(prohibited by the
Bible-based land law) and no statements such as “so help me, God” appear in
soil or land jurisdiction courts.
Though most of our Forefathers were earnest Christians, they
understood that the only way to preserve religious freedom for themselves, was
to preserve religious freedom for everyone. Thus, they adopted the separation
of Church and State.
Even though we may have Chaplains assigned to serve our
Assemblies and even though they may offer opening prayers and convocations,
when the business meeting kicks in, and we begin to act for the People of our
States, we understand that we are acting to the best of our ability to protect
the rights and security of everyone concerned without religious, racial or
political bias.
Our Justices do not decide the law or the facts of any case.
That is left to the members of each jury. The role of the Justice is to provide
a level playing field and to enforce the rules of evidence; once the jury has
reached a decision, it is the duty of the Justice to “pronounce” the sentence for
the Public Record and it is the Sheriff’s duty to execute the sentence.
Our courts are based upon Local Law (soil jurisdiction) and
Public Laws (land jurisdiction) that are enrolled in the Public Record as
General Assembly Session Laws. All such laws are subject to jury nullification.
If our Assemblies adopt a law that is unfair, unwieldy, or
inappropriate, any jury in our system of law can nullify it and state the
reasons why, whereupon it is held in abeyance as if it never existed and
returned to the State General Assembly for correction or repeal. In this way
the people maintain direct control over the standards of law that are being
applied to them and weed out any laws that are ill-conceived or unfair.
This precious process of jury nullification also provides a
natural curb on the endless proliferation of new laws poking into every corner
of our lives.
Our law is simple, draconian, and based on the Ten
Commandments. There has to be a specific Injured Party claiming injury to
himself or to his property. There is no such thing as a “thought crime” or a
“hate crime” until and unless it results in verifiable harm and then it is
addressed in terms of what the actual harm is.
The law of the Legal Persons, by comparison, is endlessly
complex, subtle, and based on Codes and Maxims that rule the law of contracts.
No doubt this is striking a cord with those familiar with
the foreign maritime and admiralty court system of the Legal Persons
functioning in Territorial (International Jurisdiction of the Sea) Jurisdiction.
Their laws are enacted instead of being enrolled and they
take the form of enumerated Codes and Statutes and Regulations adopted by the
Territorial United States Congress and the Territorial State of State
Legislatures.
There is no end to the number of these Codes, Statutes, and
Regulations that can be adopted and no process of jury nullification to weed
them out, with the result that the proliferation of these private “laws” grows
with cancerous ferocity and the burden and cost of enforcing them increases
exponentially.
The Territorial and Admiralty Courts operated by and for the
use of Legal Persons are operated by Bar Attorneys (Esquires) and presided over
by Judges who act as Hired Jurist Referees and Administrators. These courts
make no attempt to address the law or the facts of any case and
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focus instead on
whether or not a contract exists, and if a duty owed under that contract was
dishonored. They are all run as “Nisi Prius” Courts, that is, Contract Courts
for Hire.
Legal Persons have no Natural nor Unalienable Rights so
issues pertaining to claims of such rights and arguments based on
constitutional guarantees do not apply to them nor enter into their courts. At
most, Legal Persons may ask for “Equal Civil Rights” — which may be provided or
denied upon the discretion of the Judge.
Legal Persons, unless they have a degree in law, are
considered incompetent and must be “represented” by a Bar Attorney, who will
speak for them both in court and privately under Power of Attorney, which
basically grants him or her the right to act as your Proxy and cut deals in
your behalf. Obviously, this is a position of Private Trust under contract that
can be greatly abused and often is.
The form of law used by these courts is private, also.
Statutes, Rules, Codes, Public Policies, Resolutions, and Regulations are not
law, they are evidence of law, and each one represents a contract that Legal
Persons are bound to. If you are acting as a Legal Person and operating in
Territorial Jurisdiction (International Jurisdiction of the Sea) you are
presumed to know and obey all such obligations and to honor all contracts.
Of course, the proliferation of 80 million such “laws” makes
it impossible for anyone to know much less enforce them, and instead of
providing any matrix for the pursuit of justice or order, such a system
devolves into an excuse for raising revenues through fines and stealing
property via arbitrary asset seizures.
You may readily recognize the Territorial Courts of the
Legal Persons by their use of Statutes at the State (of State) level and use of
Federal Code at the Federal level. They may also use Military Code. They often
deceptively refer to this as “COMMON LAW” — as in “Military Common Law” — which
is obviously not the Common Law owed to the American People and not any
standard that should ever be applied to a civilian Lawful Person.
As our American State Jural Assemblies and our People’s Courts
have ceased to function, more and more of our People have been misidentified as
Legal Persons and held to these foreign standards of law and railroaded into
these foreign courts.
The plain fact is that we don’t belong in their courts and
they don’t belong in ours. Lawful Persons exist in an entirely different and
separate jurisdiction apart from Legal Persons and operate under different
standards and conventions, but the lack of Lawful Courts and the temptation to
profit from this circumstance by guile has led to the present morass.
As we begin the long overdue process of restoring our Lawful
Courts we have the option to handle conflicts and controversies via private
binding arbitration and may assert our standing as Lawful People and request
such arbitration whenever any complaint is brought against us in a Legal Court
setting.
Private arbitration should be used as a stop-gap measure
until our own courts are up and functioning again.
In all this bear in mind that our courts are not their
courts and vice versa. Our laws, except for the Constitutions, do not apply to
them — and their laws do not apply to us.
A large part of the work set before the State Jural
Assemblies is to set up and convene your own State Court System for the Lawful
People returning to the land and soil jurisdiction of your State. At first this
will be a daunting task as you struggle to sort things out and research the
history of
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your State, but
ultimately, the rewards of freedom and self-determination which follow from
this work are the fruits of your labor and the fulfillment of your heritage.
—Posted: March 8, 2019
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Section 45 — Religion and State Assemblies
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