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My Complete 9/11 Time Line Compiled by John Heartson |
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John Heartson is a former engineer with a degree in mechanical engineering, currently working as a carpenter and songwriter in Vermont. His curiosity and detailed investigation into events surrounding 9/11 and anthrax made him the target of domestic spying, unconstitutional searches of his home and a threat to his life in 2004. |
(Articles from news sources have been placed within for educational, research, and discussion purposes only, in compliance with "Fair Use" criteria established in Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976.)
1906: Texas Oil Company registers the trademark name, "Texaco" production in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia
1930s: Rocky Mountain division of Pacific Western, a Getty subsidiary, begins oil exploration in Saudi Arabia
1933: Pacific Western wins Saudi Arabia concession SOCAL (Standard Oil Co. of California) discovers oil in Saudi Arabia
1936: Texaco joins with SOCAL (later Chevron), to found the Arab-American Oil Company [Aramco] Texaco purchases half interest in Bahrain Petroleum and California-Arabian Standard Oil Company (Calarabian) from SOCAL California-Texas company, Caltex, founded as a joint venture between SOCAL and Texaco as outlet for future oil production in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia
1949: Getty’s Western Pacific Oil Corporation signs concession for Saudi half of the Neutral Zone with Saudi government
1953: Getty acquires Tidewater Oil
1953: The Shah (of Iran) was brought to power by the CIA in 1953 and kept there with billions of dollars in U.S. weaponry
1954: Consortium of oil companies, including British Petroleum, Exxon, Socony, Texas Oil, Socal, Gulf, Royal Dutch/Shell Group, and CFP form the Iranian Oil Participants Ltd. (IOP) and negotiate agreement with Iranian government and for oil production in Iran
1954: Bill Liedtke, John Overby, and George Bush form Zapata Offshore Oil Company
1956: All of J. Paul Getty’s oil holdings organized under Getty Oil 1956: Texas Oil Company acquires Regent Oil, a British company
1961: SOCAL buys Standard of Kentucky
1963: Pennzoil Company is formed through consolidation of South Penn Oil Company, STETCO Petroleum Corporation and Zapata (Geo Bush) Offshore Oil Company
1965: Pennzoil (Bush) Company acquires United Gas Corporation
1971: Gulf purchases 10% in Syncrude Canada Limited
1972: At the request of the Shah, Nixon and Kissinger agreed to supply Kurdish rebels with millions of dollars in military hardware (May 1975)
1972 The US produced and stockpiled weapons containing anthrax prior to the Biological Weapons Convention but has destroyed them. http://www.intelbriefing.com/afi/afi011009.htm
Jan 23, 1973 Shah of Iran announces that the 1954 operating agreement between a consortium of oil companies and Iran will not be renewed when it expires in 1979. The consortium was formed in 1954 as a means to settle a dispute between a new ministry in Iran and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC). The consortium included Standard Oil of New Jersey, Standard Oil of California, SOCONY-Vacuum, the Texas Company, Gulf, Royal Dutch-Shell, the Compagnie Francaise de Petroles, and the AIOC.
October 19, 1973: Oil embargo begins
March 18, 1974: Oil embargo ends
1974: Bahraini government acquires 60% interest in BAPCO
Jan 13, 1975 Business Week publishes Kissinger interview hinting at military action against oil countries in case of "actual strangulation."
1976: The elder George Bush becomes director of the Central Intelligence Agency, a post he retained for one year.
1975: Iran and the U.S. signed an accord that required Iran to buy $15 billion in U.S. goods and services over the next five years. That agreement was the largest of its kind in history (until Sept 1990 when Geo Bush proposed his $20 billion arms deal with the Saudis)
March 1975: for three years the Kurdish resistance was supported by $16 million from the U.S. and millions from Iran. In March 1975 the Shah met with Iraq's vice president, Saddam Hussein, and negotiated peace -- on the condition that the U.S. and Iran abandon their support for the Kurds, which was done immediately. The day after the treaty was signed, Iraq went on the offensive, attacking the Kurdish rebels, and within a week the Kurds cabled this message to the CIA: Complete destruction is hanging over our head. No explanation for this. We appeal [to] you and [the] USG[overnment] to intervene according to your promises..." And the Kurds sent Kissinger this message: "Our movement and people are being destroyed in an unbelievable way with silence from everyone. We feel Your Excellency that the U.S. has a moral and political responsibility toward our people who have committed themselves to your country's policy." Neither the CIA nor Kissinger responded to these pleas. Hundreds were killed and thousands of Kurds -- men, women and children, many barefoot with only the clothes on their backs -- were forced to flee Iraq over the mountains for Iran. According to a 1976 report by the House Select Committee on Intelligence (known as the Pike Report), "Over 200,000 refugees managed to escape into Iran. --Neither the U.S. nor Iran extended adequate humanitarian assistance. In fact, Iran was later to forcibly return over 40,000 of the refugees, and the U.S. government refused to admit even one refugee into the U.S. by way of political asylum, even though they qualified for such admittance." When the Pike Committee questioned Kissinger on his role in betraying the Kurds, His Excellency responded, "Covert Action should not be confused with missionary work."
[Senator Kerrey Speaks on Government/Media Complicity: by Joel Bleifuss and Senator Bob Kerrey]
1976: Amnesty International reported that Iran had the "highest rate of death penalties in the world, no valid system of civilian courts and a history of torture which is beyond belief. No country in the world has a worse record in human rights than Iran." And no country was a better friend to Iran than the U.S. .
1977 Smallpox was officially declared eradicated by the World Health Organization, after treating the last known case in Merca, Somalia.
1977: George W. Bush founds a Midland-based company that puts together private partnerships for oil drilling ventures, known as Arbusto Exploration. [CNN]
1978:
George W. Bush runs for the U.S. House of Representatives. He wins the
Republican primary but loses the race. [CNN}
Ken Lay contributes handsomely to Bush's 1978 congressional campaign sixteen
years before Bush told the press he got to know the man on 10 January 2002.
("Bush Caught Red-Handed in Lie to American People",
http://www.mediawhoresonline.com/ )
1978 Wolf Szmunes, the National Institutes of Health and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) experimented on more than 1000 nonmonogamous men with vaccines, designed by Merck and other pharmacy companies
June 1978 Iran and Saudi Arabia block efforts of OPEC price hawks to fix the price of OPEC oil in a currency more stable than the U.S. dollar. Say world economy cannot support associated price increases. Are accused by hawks of being U.S. agents.
Sept 1978 Shah puts Iran under military rule. Muslim leader Noori arrested in crackdown of opposition groups.
Jan 1979 Shah leaves Iran on vacation, never to return. Bakhtiar government established by the Shah to preside until unrest subsides. One million Iranians march in Teheran in a show of support for the exiled Ayatollah Komeini, fundamental Muslim leader.
Mar 5, 1979 Iran resumes petroleum exports.
Spring 1979 Gasoline shortage/world oil glut.
Nov 4, 1979 Iran takes western hostages.
Nov 12, 1979 Carter orders cessation of Iranian imports to U.S.
Nov 15, 1979 Iran cancels all contracts with U.S. oil companies.
1980: Bahraini government acquires remaining interest in BAPCO
Karzai, the leader of the southern Afghan Pashtun Durrani tribe, was a member of the mujaheddin that fought the Soviets during the 1980s. He was a top contact for the CIA and maintained close relations with CIA Director William Casey, Vice President George Bush, and their Pakistani Inter Service Intelligence (ISI) Service interlocutors. Later, Karzai and a number of his brothers moved to the United States under the auspices of the CIA. Karzai continued to serve the agency's interests, as well as those of the Bush Family and their oil friends in negotiating the CentGas deal, according to Middle East and South Asian sources. [The Blacklisted Journalist 4/1/02]
Sep 1980 Iraq breaks 1975 treaty with Iran and proclaims sovereignty over Shatt al-Arab waterway. Iraq invades Iran. Mutual bombing of installations.Iraq captures southern port of Khorramshahr.
1981: George Bush is sworn in as vice president under President Ronald Reagan. Saudis flood market with inexpensive oil in, forcing unprecedented price cuts by OPEC members. In October, all 13 OPEC members align on a compromise $32 per barrel benchmark. Later, benchmark price is maintained, but differentials are adjusted.
1980 - 1988: Iraq Iran at war
1982:, Arbusto (G.W. Bush oil Co) changes its name to Bush Exploration Co. and goes public in an effort to generate funds.
1984: SOCAL buys Gulf Corporation and after restructuring changes name to Chevron Corporation, Texaco acquires Getty, Chevron buys Gulf. Bush Exploration merges with Spectrum 7 Energy Corp.
1986, oil was $10 a barrel and our president's friends and colleagues who own and operate the U.S. oil industry were finding it hard to maintain their way of life. In spring of that year the former Texas oilman and then-vice president went to Saudi Arabia and convinced King Fahd to agree, along with Iran, to lower production. Within a few months the price of oil was up to $20 a barrel.
1985-1989 "The Center for Disease Control (CDC) was responsible for most of the shipments of lethal American-produced Biochemical Warfare agents that were sold to Iran.." Source: Devon Jackson, NY Times/Village Voice
1986 – 1989: Milt Bearden, station commander managed America’s covert war in Afghanistan, helping the Moujaheddin drive out the Soviets between 1986-1989.
1988: George W. Bush pitches an Enron gas pipeline in Argentina. Neil Bush uses defrauded investors' money from Silverado to drill for oil in Argentina. [http://www.motherjones.com/mother_jones/MA00/argentina.html] http://www.thegully.com/essays/argentina/010607bush_menem.html )
November 1988: Presidential Election,George Bush Sr. elected. A few weeks after the U.S. presidential election in 1988, Terragno received a phone call from a failed Texas oilman named George W. Bush, "He told me he had recently returned from a campaign tour with his father," the Argentine minister recalls. The purpose of the call was clear: to push Terragno to accept the bid from Enron (http://www.ei.enron.com/presence/latin_america.html )....George W. wasn't the only Bush plying the family name in Argentina. His brother Neil had tried to funnel $900,000 in loans from Silverado Savings and Loan, where he served as a director, into a failed attempt to drill for oil in Argentina. The S&L eventually collapsed, costing taxpayers nearly $1 billion to bail out, and federal regulators banned Neil from certain banking activities.
1989 (B): Bin Laden, having returned from Afghanistan to Saudi Arabia and the family business in 1989, moves to Sudan. With a personal fortune of around $250 million (estimates range from $50 to $800 million [Miami Herald, 9/24/01]), he begins plotting terrorist attacks against the US. [New Yorker, 1/24/00]
1989: George Bush (Sr.) is sworn in as the president of the United States. During that same year, George W. buys a 2 percent share of the Texas Rangers baseball team for $600,000 in borrowed money. He serves as managing general partner for five years, which nets him an additional 10 percent interest in the team. [CNN]
1989, Vladimir Pasechnik defected from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) to Great Britain while on a trip to Paris. He had been the top scientist in the FSU's bioweapons program, which is heavily dependent upon DNA sequencing. Dr. Christopher Davis of Virginia, was the member of British intelligence who de-briefed Dr. Pasechnik at the time of his defection Pasechnik spent the 10 years after his defection working at the Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research at the UK Department of Health, Salisbury
June 1, 1990: Bush and other members of Harken Energy's audit board (including Harken's president, former Arthur Andersen accountant Mikel Faulkner) meet with Harken's accountants: Arthur Andersen. According to Robert Jordan, Bush's lawyer during ensuing the SEC probe, neither the accountants nor the committee members discuss the company's budget woes at this meeting --
despite the fact that Harken is about to take a hefty $23.2 million loss for the second quarter of the fiscal year, which is just ending. The minutes of the meeting would verify this claim, Jordan will tell the Washington Post in a 1999 campaign profile of Bush. But Harken refuses to release those records. ("Bush and Andersen's Texas Two-Step", http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=special&s=floyd20020130 )
June 22, 1990: Bush dumps Harken stock just before $23.2 million loss is disclosed. http://mediafilter.org/caq/BushFamilyPreys.html] On June 22, 1990, George Jr.sold two-thirds of his Harken stock for $848,560 -- a cool 200 percent profit. The move was well timed. One week after Junior sold his stock, Harken announced a $23.2 million loss in quarterly earnings and Harken stock dropped sharply, losing 60 percent of its value over the next six months.
July 24, 1990: April Glaspie US ambassador to Iraq, told Saddam Hussein "...we have no opinion on the Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreement with Kuwait...we see the Iraqi point of view that the measures taken by the U.A.E. and Kuwait is, in the final analysis, parallel to military aggression against Iraq." ('N.Y. Times, 22 September, 1990) Then only one day before the Iraq invasion into Kuwait, a State Department spokesperson stated the U.S. did "not have any defense treaties with Kuwait, and there are no special defense or security commitments to Kuwait."
Aug 2, 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait. Geo Bush orders troops to Saudi Arabia.
September 19 1990
Senator Kerrey’s APPEAL TO REASON: "Although sane voices are speaking out
against current U.S. gulf policy, their words for some reason have a problem
filtering through the national-news media. For example, on September 19 Sen.
Bob Kerrey, the Nebraska Democrat and decorated Vietnam veteran, gave a
stunning speech before the U.S. Senate, a small portion of which follows:
"Since Iraq's invasion of Kuwait last month ... I have been personally and
greatly troubled. Something in all of the rationale and all the explanations
seems to be missing. At first the missing piece was what the president did not
tell the American people. Speaking to a nation that knew very
little about Saddam Hussein, he filled in the blank with a picture of Adolf
Hitler. This was more than a comparison. It was the rationale... Missing was the story of years of
American support for this modern Hitler -- support from our ambassador to Iraq,
support which continued in the face of direct evidence that Iraq might be only
hours away from invading Kuwait... . I continue to feel strong personal
reservations about the nature and extent of our committment, because the scope
of the threat invoked by the president does not seem to be reflected in the
attitude of many of the soldiers [I visited] in Saudi Arabia who were shouting
at Gen. Colin Powell, `When do we get to go home? Why did you take away our
basic allowance for quarters?' ... I am profoundly uneasy about the instant
deployment of over 100,000 American troops, sold to the American people on the
false assertions that Saddam Hussein is Adolf Hitler, that our way of life is
at clear and present
danger, that we have as much at stake as we did in World War II. At this moment I believe our military action was improperly rationalized, incompletely thought out and dangerous. It is dangerous because it could provoke the war we seek to prevent... One of the most disturbing assumptions in all of this is the one that declares: If we do not defang Hussein now, he will just be back in a few years to do the same thing. The assumption here is that we should remove with force what we have never in earnest attempted to remove through other means. Recall that not long ago our Commerce Department was cabling `Hooray for you!' to American entrepreneurs seeking to export nuclear-weapons technology to Iraq... Our men and women in uniform are dear enough that we owe them our last full measure of candor before we ask them for their last full measure of devotion... Imagine if [the president] had told us of his willingness to comply with a Saudi request for armed support, but also shown us the intelligence photographs which made Saudi fears credible... Imagine if he had told us of the need to take arms to defend a new world order, but also explained exactly what that new world order is... The new world order described vaguely by the president surely does not mean a continuation of this old practice of selling weapons to the enemy of our enemy... Twenty billion dollars [in arms sales to Saudi Arabia] is a lot of money, Mr. President, for an economy struggling to keep its head above the recessionary waters swirling around us. However, we should be careful -- very careful -- not to let our foreign policy be completely dominated by the concerns of those who sell oil and weapons..." [Senator Kerrey Speaks on Government/Media Complicity: by Joel Bleifuss and Senator Bob Kerrey]
1990: George W. Bush sells two-thirds of his stock in Harken Energy. Over the next two months, Harken stock prices dropped in the wake of poor quarterly earnings. Critics then questioned the timing of his sale, asking whether he had advance warnings. In October 1993, a federal commission cleared him of any wrong doing. [CNN]
1991 . With the departure of Bob Strauss, the firm (Akins, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld) amends its name to Akin, Gump, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P. [www.akingump.com] Founded in 1945, the firm is a leading international law firm with more than 1,050 lawyers in offices in the United States and Europe. The firm supports more than 50 practice groups representing regional, national and international clients (This is the same firm the Mr. Idris, owner of the Sudan pharmeceutical company bombed by US cruise missles in 1998, used to fight the US, claiming no connection to terrorism)
1991: (Osama)Bin Laden officially broke with the US in 1991 when US troops began arriving in Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Storm. Bin Laden felt this was a violation of the Saudi regime's responsibility to protect the Islamic Holy Shrines of Mecca and Medina from the infidels. (this turned out to be a disinformation story) {Comment: US troops were nowhere near the holy sites. They were specifically located away from these sensitive religious sites.} Bin Laden's anti-American and anti-House of Saud rhetoric soon reached a fever pitch.
The sacred soil that the U.S. infidel soldiers supposedly desecrated was located in a series of top secret facilities built during the 1980s by the U.S. military at a cost (mostly to Saudi Arabia!) of - are you ready? - over 200 BILLION dollars. This was the largest U.S. military construction project ever attempted outside the continental USA. As a Public Television program (later) reported in 1993: http://emperors-clothes.com/news/probestop-i.htm
1991: Future National Security Advisor Rice joins Chevron's board of directors, and works with Chevron until being picked as Bush's National Security Advisor in 2001. Chevron names an oil tanker after her. {Comment: According to the San Francisco Gate publication, in July 2001 Chevron was quietly asked to rename the 300,000 metric ton supertanker—I believe it is called the Atlantic Voyager.} Rice is hired for her expertise in Central Asia, and much of her job is spent arranging oil deals in the Central Asian region. Chevron also has massive investments there, which grow through the 1990's. [Salon, 11/19/01]
November 6, 1991 Dissolution of Soviet Union; Last Kuwaiti oil fire is extinguished on
1991-1997: The Soviet Union collapses in 1991, creating many new nations in Central Asia. Major US oil companies, including ExxonMobil, Texaco, Unocal, BP Amoco, Shell and Enron, directly invest billions in these Central Asian nations, bribing heads of state to secure equity rights in the huge oil reserves in these regions. The oil companies commit to future direct investments in Kazakhstan of $35 billion. These companies face the problem however of having to pay exorbitant prices to Russia to use Russian pipelines to get the oil out. These oil fields have an estimated $6 trillion potential value. US companies own approximately 75% of the rights. [New Yorker, 7/9/01, Asia Times, 1/26/02] FTW {Comment: US oil companies are frustrated by their inability to make inroads into newly established governments. Political environment not conducive to establishing stable business. Lack of access and leverage cited.}
{NOTE: Most Saudi contracts, particularly those involving defense contracts, stipulate that up to 30% of contract price be "kicked back" to Saudi royal family as a "commission." British contract for $30-billion Al Yamamah project provided for $9-billion in "commissions" to Saudi royal family.}
The key to the huge potential profits in Central Asia was distribution—how to transport the oil and gas from this isolated, backward and landlocked region to the world’s main energy markets. The only existing pipelines were those of the old Soviet distribution network through Russia. As the scramble for resources in the region intensified, the USwanted to undermine Russia’s economic monopoly, making sure that other rivals were kept out of the race. The pipelines therefore had to run through countries over which the US could exert substantial political influence, which excluded China and Iran. [The Taliban, the US and the resources of Central Asia]
1992: Bill Clinton defeated incumbent George Bush and third party candidate Ross Perot in the 1992 presidential race.
1992: Government records show that Dugway has had the Ames strain since 1992. Dugway's production of dried anthrax is part of the government's secret research program on how to defend against germ weapons, which gained momentum in the late 1990's. The Clinton administration began a series of projects aimed at understanding the nation's vulnerabilities to biowarfare and devising ways combat the threats.
1992 Bob Strauss returns to the firm as a full name partner and the firm happily becomes Akin Gump Strauss Hauer Feld LLP once again. Akin Gump partner Vernon Jordan is named Chairman of President Clinton's transition team. [www.akingump.com]
1992: Under Dick Cheney's direction, the Pentagon paid Texas-based Brown & Root Services $3.9 million to produce a classified report detailing how private companies -- like itself -- could help provide logistics for American troops in potential war zones around the world. Brown & Root Services BRS (a division of Halliburton) specializes in such work; from 1962 to 1972, for instance, the company worked in the former South Vietnam building roads, landing strips, harbors, and military bases. Later in 1992, the Pentagon gave the company an additional $5 million to update its report. That same year, BRS won a massive, five-year logistics contract from the US Army Corps of Engineers to work alongside American GIs in places like Zaire, Haiti, Somalia, Kosovo, the Balkans, and Saudi Arabia.
Nov. 1992: Several corporations -- including oil giants Exxon and Mobil as well as J. P. Morgan and Chase Manhattan -- are clamoring to get into energy futures market. Some of those companies ask Wendy Gramm, chairwoman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and wife of Senator Phil Gramm, to exempt energy derivative contracts and related swaps from government oversight. Gramm acts quickly, scheduling a vote on the rule for January 1993, days before the Clinton administration would take over. Boosted by her support, the proposed rule passes. In five weeks whe will join the board of Enron. (" Enron made a sound investment in Washington", http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/usatoday/20020124/ts_usatoday/3799465&cid
=676 ; "Enron's Web of Complex
1993-95. R. James Woolsey is the director of the CIA from 1993-95. He served as an ambassador and United States representative to the Negotiation on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE), Vienna from 1989-91.
Feb. 16, 1993: Scott Armstrong: A
$200 billion program that's basically put together and nobody's paying
attention to it. It's-- it's the ultimate government off the books... "
The Saudis have been the principal backers and financers of the largest
armaments system that the world has ever seen, in any region of the world, that
includes over $95 billion worth of weapons that they bought themselves,
includes another $65 billion worth of military infrastructure and ports that
they've put in. We've managed to create an interlocking system that has one
master control base, five sub-control bases, any one of which is capable of
operating the whole thing, that are in hardened bunkers, that are hard-wired,
that is to say, against nuclear blast or anything else. They created nine major
ports that weren't there before, dozens of airfields all over the kingdom. They
have now hundreds of modern American fighter planes and the capability of
adding hundreds more. The Saudis alone have spent $156 billion that I can
document line by line, item by item, on weapons system and infrastructure to
support this." (FRONTLINE Show #1112 Air Date: February 16, 1993 "The
Arming of Saudi Arabia". Scott Armstrong is a top investigative reporter
for the 'Washington Post']
(For official PBS WebPage for the show, click here; for the transcript, click here)
The contracts for building those bases, ports, and airfields went in part to Saudi construction companies. Osama's family company, Saudi Binladin Group (the name is spelled differently but it's the same family) is intimate with the Saudi royal family; moreover it is the biggest Saudi construction company (and also a giant in the telecommunications field). http://emperors-clothes.com/news/probestop-i.htm
April 1993, Chevron concluded a historic $20 billion, 50/50 joint venture deal with Kazakhstan to create the TENGIZCHEVOIL joint venture to develop the Tengiz oil field, estimated to contain 6-9 billion barrels of oil. DOE/EIA Reports on the Caspian 5/17/00 Page 9 Stalinist party boss, Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan visited Washington and Houston November 18-20 and signed contracts with Texaco, Mobil, Chevron and other US oil companies which are worth a staggering $600 billion over the next 40 years During his Washington visit, Nazarbayev was honored at a private dinner in the exclusive Metropolitan Club, hosted by longtime Democratic Party wheeler-dealer Robert Strauss, (of Law Firm: Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld) and attended by oil company CEOs, Clinton crony Vernon Jordan, Energy Secretary Federico Pena, and media personalities like Sam Donaldson--who led the toast to Nazarbayev--and William Safire. [Sagebrush Saloon – Chevrons War]
1993: Pennzoil Company assimilates Chevron
June 1993: California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) and Enron begin their relationship in June. Each puts $250 million into Joint Energy Development Investments (JEDI) The partnership will invest in an array of North American natural gas businesses. ("CalPERS inadvertently linked to fall of Enron", [www.sacbee.com/content/business/story/1517906p-1594346c.html ] Keeping partnerships such as Jedi off its balance sheet was a paramount concern for Enron. The company created
scores of partnerships so it could keep their debts off its balance sheet. In Jedi's case, as much as $711 million in debts were held off the books, according to SEC filings.
July 1993 Oil prices plunge on speculation that Iraq will accept U.N. missile test site inspections and receive approval to resume oil exports.
Sept 27, 1993 Nuclear Nonproliferation and Export Control Policy The President today established a framework for U.S. efforts to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the missiles that deliver them.
November 1993: The Indian government approves Enron's Dabhol power plant, located near Bombay on the west coast of India. Enron has invested $3 billion, the largest single foreign investment in India's history. Enron owns 65% of Dabhol. This liquefied natural gas powered plant is supposed to provide one-fifth of India's energy needs by 1997. [Asia Times, 1/81/01, Indian Express, 2/27/00]
1994, Jose Trias met with a friend in Houston, Texas and was planning to go public with his personal knowledge of HHMI "front door" grants being diverted to "back door" black ops bioresearch. The next day, Trias and his wife were found dead in their Chevy Chase, Md. home. Chevy Chase is where HHMI is headquartered. Police described the killings as a professional hit. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) funds a tremendous number of research programs at schools, hospitals and research facilities, and has long been alleged to be conducting "black ops" biomedical research for intelligence organizations, including the CIA.
1994: Pennzoil Company signs oil development deal with Qatar. Bush is elected governor of Texas with 53.5 percent of the vote.
1994: Enron lobbies the Securities and Exchange Commission to receive an exemption from the Public Utility Holding Company Act. The Depression-era law was designed to prevent utilities from owning multiple plants in one geographic area, allowing them to jack up rates. ("Enron made a sound investment in Washington", http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/usatoday/20020124/ts_usatoday/3799465&cid =676 )
September 1994: In what was described as "the deal of the century," the Azerbaijan International Oil Consortium (AIOC ) signed an $8 billion, 30-year contract in September 1994 to develop three Caspian Sea fields—Azeri, Chirag, and Guneshli—with total reserves estimated at 3-5 billion barrels. Oil production is expected to reach 800,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) by the end of the next decade. DOE/EIA Reports on the Caspian 5/17/00 Page 9
September 1994: Starting as Afghani exiles in Pakistan religious schools, the Taliban begin their conquest of Afghanistan. CNN reports, "The Taliban are widely alleged to be the creation of Pakistan's military intelligence [the ISI]. Experts say that explains the Taliban's swift military successes." The CIA also worked with the ISI to create the Taliban. A regional expert with extensive CIA ties says: "I warned them that we were creating a monster." After 9/11, the Wall Street Journal states: "Despite their clean chins and pressed uniforms, the ISI men are as deeply fundamentalist as any bearded fanatic; the ISI created the Taliban as their own instrument and still supports it."
January 6, 1995: While investigating a possible assassination plan against the Pope, Philippine police uncover plans for Operation Bojinka, an al-Qaeda operation led by 1993 WTC bomber Ramzi Yousef and 9/11 mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed. The plan is to explode 12 passenger planes over the Pacific Ocean simultaneously on January 21, 1995. If successful, up to 4,000 people would have been killed. Plans found for a second phase of attacks are also found. Planes would be hijacked and flown into buildings. The WTC, CIA headquarters, Pentagon and the Sears Tower are specifically mentioned as targets. One pilot, who learned to fly in US flight schools, confesses that his role was to crash a plane into CIA headquarters. http://coopertiveresearch.org/completetimeline/]
February 1995, US authorities named bin Laden and his Saudi brother-in-law, Mohammed Jamal Khalifa, among 172 unindicted co-conspirators with the 11 Muslims charged for the World Trade Center bombing and the associated plot to blow up other New York landmarks." ('Jane's Intelligence Review,' 1 October 1995) (So bin Laden is named as an unindicted co-conspirator a year before Sudan offered to extradite him.)
1995: Pennzoil Company agrees to concession agreement withEgypt for Gulf of Suez
Aug. 2, 1995 Saudi Arabia's King Fahd issues a decree replacing all members of the Council of Ministers who do not have blood ties so the royal Family. While most of the Council's top positions are unaffected by the reshuffling, Oil Minister Hisham Nazer is replaced with Ali bin Ibrahim al-Naimi. (WSJ)
September 1995: After suffering military reversals in mid-1995, the Taliban re-armed and reorganised with Pakistani assistance and in September 1995 entered Herat, effectively clearing the road from Pakistan to Central Asia. The following month, Unocal signed its pipeline deal with Turkmenistan. [The Taliban, the US and the resources of Central Asia]
Publications of the Center for Security Policy No. 95-D 71
DECISION BRIEF 2 October 1995
CASPIAN WATCH: RUSSIAN POWER-PLAYS ON 'EARLY OIL' HALLMARK OF KREMLIN EXPANSIONISM PAST -- AND FUTURE? (Washington, D.C.)
.oil companies from the United States, Russia, Turkey and Azerbaijan), are scheduled to make a strategically monumental decision: Through which countries will the Consortium export the vast quantities of Azeri and other oil deposits it expects to tap from Caspian Sea reserves estimated to rival those of the North Sea and Alaskan North Slope, combined? At issue is whether Russia will enjoy monopoly control over these oil flows -- and the attendant revenue streams? Or will there ultimately be a southern, Western-oriented pipeline, for example, through Georgia to the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan? 'Great Game' Redux…
The Clinton Administration's mishandling of this issue is all the more appalling in light of the obvious U.S. interests at stake in the decision to be announced in Baku on 9 October. These include: Ensuring the free movement to international markets of oil and gas from the Caspian Sea and Central Asia; Preserving the independence and economic viability of former Soviet republics in the region -- and avoiding the de facto or de jure reconstitution of a southern-tier Soviet Union; Thwarting political/military initiatives by Russia and Iran to wield inordinate influence over pipeline routing decisions and other issues fundamental to the development of these huge reserves; Strengthening secular Muslim societies (notably, Turkey and Azerbaijan) against the predations of Islamic extremism; and Protecting against further deterioration of the sensitive ecosystems and waterways of the region (e.g., Turkey's imperilled Bosphorus Straits)…….. Azerbaijan, on the other hand, recently concluded a 25-year multi-billion dollar deal with American oil companies, a development evidently considered of little political importance in Washington. Relevant congressional committees have also failed to give due consideration to the strategic implications of the pending decisions concerning "early oil" extracted from the Caspian Sea region. This is a particularly regrettable oversight insofar as the near-term decisions will have momentous long-term repercussions: To name one, who will control the world's second- largest oil supplies for the industrialized democracies in the 21st century?
The Bottom Line In light of the high stakes and the inadequate attention this issue has received to date from senior U.S. policy-makers, the Center for Security Policy will be producing a "Caspian Watch" of periodic Decision Briefs dealing with the upcoming decision and the repercussions that flow from it over time. Meanwhile, the Center urges the executive and legislative branches in Washington to accord the strategic Caspian Sea oil region the priority it deserves -- and to start safeguarding U.S. interests increasingly in jeopardy there.
October 21, 1995: The oil company Unocal signs a contract with Turkmenistan to export $8 billion worth of natural gas through a $3 billion pipeline which would go from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan to Pakistan. Political considerations and pressures allow Unocal to edge out a more experienced Argentinean company for the contract. Henry Kissinger, a Unocal consultant, calls it "the triumph of hope over experience." [Washington Post, 10/5/98]
1995: Cheney became the CEO of Halliburton, a Dallas-based oil services giant that also owns Brown & Root Services. Halliburton does business in at least 100 countries. In 1998, Business Week reported that Cheney had been "courting politicians and business leaders through the booming Caspian Sea region in an all-out effort to secure key political ties with Azerbaijan and Kazakstan. Accounting for the world's third-largest oil reserves, the region is Cheney's best hope to secure big contracts for a long time to come." Cheney has succeeded. Along with the heads of Chevron and Texaco Inc., Cheney sits on Kazakstan's Oil Advisory Board, which serves as a sounding board for the country's president. Between 1992 and 1999, the Pentagon paid BRS more than $1.2 billion for its work in trouble spots around the globe. In May of 1999, the US Army Corps of Engineers re-enlisted the company's help in the Balkans, giving it a new five-year contract worth $731 million.. Dick Cheney helped broker the Chevron-Kazakhstan deal when he sat on the Kazakhstan Oil Advisory Board in the mid-'90s (Amarillo Globe-News, June 13, 1998)
1996: FBI investigators are prevented from carrying out an investigation into Abdullah and Omar bin Laden, two brothers of Osama. The FBI suspected the World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY) was terrorist organization and Abdullah was the US director of WAMY. Apparently the case involved espionage, murder, and national security. Four of the 9/11 hijackers later lived only three blocks from the WAMY offices near Washington DC, at the same time the two bin Laden brothers were there. WAMY still has not been put on a list of terrorist organizations in the US, but has been banned in Pakistan. A high-placed intelligence official tells the Guardian: "There were always constraints on investigating the Saudis. There were particular investigations that were effectively killed." An unnamed US source says to the BBC, "There is a hidden agenda at the very highest levels of our government." The Saudi Arabian government starts paying huge amounts of money to al-Qaeda, becoming its largest financial backer. They also give money to other extremist groups throughout Asia. This money vastly increases the capability of al-Qaeda. US officials later privately complain "that the Bush Administration, like the Clinton Administration, is refusing to confront this reality, even in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attacks."
[http://coopertiveresearch.org/completetimeline/]
1996: Dr. Christopher Davis of Virginia left British intelligence service in 1996 Davis was the member of British intelligence who de-briefed (microbiologist) Dr. Pasechnik when he defected (Dr. Pasechnik was a top scientist in the FSU's bioweapons program, which is heavily dependent upon DNA sequencing)
To be continues:
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