140. The American Protective League: The Underground History of American
Education by John Taylor Gatto from archive.org
The
American Protective League
By
the first year of WWI, American political leadership was ferreting out
disloyalty and enforcing scientific
conformity. Any number of private and secret societies appeared to forward this cause. The "Anti-Yellow Dog
League" was one of these, composed of
schoolboys above the age often, who searched out disloyalty each day
from one of its thousand branches
nationwide, barking like German shepherds when a disloyal yellow dog, otherwise someone looking like you or
me, was flushed from cover and branded.
Schools enthusiastically cooperated in "Dog Hunts," as they
were called.
The U.S. Justice Department secretly
empowered private associations as volunteer spy- hunters. One, the American Protective League
(APL), earned semi-official status in the
national surveillance game, in time growing to enormous size. Founded by
a Chicago advertising man, the APL had
twelve hundred units functioning across America, all staffed by business and professional people.
It was a genuine secret society replete with
oath and rituals. Membership gave every operative the authority to be a
national policeman. The first location
placed under surveillance in every neighborhood was the local public school. Assignments were given
by the old (Federal) Bureau of Investigation
and by the War Department's Intelligence Division to report on
"seditious and disloyal"
conversation. From the authorized history of the APL comes this specimen
case:
Powers County, Colorado: investigated fifty
cases of mouth-to-mouth propaganda, a
notable cause being that of a German Lutheran minister who refused to
answer the questions as to which side he
wished to win the war. He asked for time. The next day he declared very promptly that he wanted the
United States to win. He was instructed to
prove this by preaching and praying it in private as well as in public,
which he agreed to do.
The APL checked up on people who failed to
buy Liberty Bonds. It spotted violators of
food and gasoline regulations, rounded up draft evaders in New York,
disrupted Socialist meetings in
Cleveland, broke strikes, threatened union men with immediate induction into the army. The attorney general of the
United States reported to Congress, "It is safe to say never in history has this country been
so thoroughly policed." (emphasis added)
Nor, he might have added, the training of the young so well
regulated.
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