By Dr. Mercola
In Peter Byck’s lovely short film, “One Hundred Thousand Beating
Hearts,” Will Harris shares the story of how he went from being a
conventional “commodity cowboy” to a regenerative farming pioneer.
Today, Harris’ farm, White Oak Pastures in Bluffton, Georgia, produces
high-quality grass-fed products.
But while beef and other animal products are the commodities being
sold to the public, what Harris is really producing is healthy soil, and
the success of his farm is a great demonstration of how you can
accomplish the conversion from conventional to regenerative agriculture.
From 1946 — when his father was still running the farm — to 1995, the
farm used industrial farming methods and chemicals. Harris had just one
focus: how many pounds of beef he could produce at the lowest price
possible.
Today, such concerns no longer occupy his mind. Instead, he’s wholly
absorbed in figuring out how he can make the land thrive even more.
Instead of feeding cattle, he now says his business is built around
feeding microbes in the soil — all those crucial microorganisms that in
turn make the soil fertile.
Because while the fertilizer they laid down each year helped the
crops grow, what they did not realize was the damage being done
underground.
Synthetic fertilizers actually harm the microorganisms in the soil,
without which soil degradation sets in, nutrition (both in the soil and
the food) goes down and, ultimately, the entire ecosystem begins to
suffer.
Slow Start, Big Finish
As time went on, despite always turning a profit, Harris became
increasingly disenchanted with the way his farm was progressing, looking
and feeling ever more like a factory than a farm. When he heard people
were looking for grass-fed beef, he saw an opportunity to make some
changes.
He began by giving up feeding his animals corn, subtherapeutic
antibiotics and hormone implants. Initially, that’s as far as he had
intended to go.
But in time he realized that “using chemical fertilizers on pastures
was as wrong as using hormone implants and subtherapeutic antibiotics,”
he says. The transition was by no means an easy one.
He went from being debt-free to taking out $7.5 million in loans to
build the processing facilities he needed — an operation that lost money
each and every year to boot. There were dark times, when he didn’t know
whether he might lose the farm that had been in the family for more
than 130 years.
“We took incredible risks,” he admits. “Today I’m very glad I made
the changes that I made, because the farm is again profitable; cash flow
positive, and two of my daughters and their spouses have come back to
work on the farm. At least that last part would not have happened in the
earlier scenario.”
Symbiosis and Synergy
In addition to cattle, Harris now has free-range goats, ewes, pigs,
chickens, geese and ducks on his farm. This mix of species brings a much
needed synergy to the whole system. They form symbiotic relationships
where one species helps keep parasites from overwhelming another.
For example, after a pasture has been grazed by sheep and cattle,
chickens are moved in. The portable chicken coops are moved each week to
give the chickens a fresh new spot, free of pathogens and parasites
with plenty of food for them to feed on.
Also, chicken manure becomes toxic when concentrated, but by
spreading it around more thinly, it provides valuable nutrients for soil
microbes.
Flies that pester the cattle and spread disease will lay eggs in the
cow manure. By moving the chickens in after the cattle, the chickens
will scratch the manure and eat the larvae, thereby disrupting the life
cycle of the flies and keeping this cattle pest in check naturally.
One of the primary purposes of keeping goats is to strategically
manage vegetation in lieu of toxic herbicides, as they gnaw weeds down
to an extremely low level. Also, the plant species that goats prefer are
different from the ones cattle prefer, so keeping both together is a
very effective form of “broad spectrum” weed control.
Harris no longer uses any kind of chemical fertilizers or pesticides on
his farm. He’s also quit tilling. As a result, the farm and the land as a
whole is teeming with life that was not there before.
The organic matter in the soil — which is a good indicator of quality
— has gone from 0.5 percent to more than 5 percent in the past 15
years, which is a significant improvement.
He also has 26 bald eagles living on the farm — the largest bald
eagle population in Georgia — and their presence is a clear indication
of the biological health of the farm.
A common misconception is that regenerative and organic farming cannot
be done on a large-scale. Harris proves this isn’t true. In fact, while
farming conventionally, he had about 700 heads of cattle on the farm.
Today, the land supports 100,000 individual animals of several
species, and this is made possible because they support rather than
compete with each other for limited resources.
Harris, like so many other free-range farmers, get great joy from his
animals exhibiting their natural animal behaviors. In fact, this is
part and parcel of animal welfare, and it makes for happier animals and
healthier food.
A recent study1,2,3 published in the British Journal of Nutrition found clear differences between organic versus conventional milk4 and meat.5 Said to be the largest study of its kind, the researchers analyzed 196 and 67 studies on milk and meat respectively.
Echoing previous studies, the largest differences in nutritional
content were its omega-3 composition, certain essential minerals and
antioxidants.
Studies such as these drive home the point that HOW food is raised
does make a difference. You simply cannot cut corners during production
without impacting the quality of the food and, by extension, human
health. According to Chris Seal, professor of Food and Human Nutrition
at Newcastle University:6
“Omega-3s are linked to reductions in cardiovascular disease,
improved neurological development and function and better immune
function … But getting enough in our diet is difficult.
Our study suggests that switching to organic would go some way towards improving intakes of these important nutrients.”
How to Raise Free Range Animals on a Large Scale
I visited White Oak Pastures this past summer and got a tour of Harris’ operation. You can listen to the full interview here.
In the video below, you’ll find two segments showing how he raises his
chickens and pigs. It’s a far cry from the sad “prison cells” in which
industrially farmed chickens and pigs spend their lives.
Harris has 14,000 birds that lay about 10,000 eggs a day, making
White Oak Pastures the largest pastured egg operation in the U.S. The
damaged eggs are recycled and fed to the pastured hogs who relish the
treat; plus it enhances their diet.
Animals Are Essential for Land Regeneration
Ultimately, the symbiotic relationship formed by the many animals on the
farm does more than protect each species from pests. It is a
foundational part of regenerative land management. You’d be hard-pressed
to gain the same benefits without them. At best, it would be far more
labor intensive, as the animals perform many of the functions you’d
otherwise have to do by hand or with machines.
The animals’ hooves break up hardened soils and trod their own feces
and urine into the soil. To get the animals to cover and “treat” the
entire 220 acres, Harris entices the cattle to move across the land by
placing the hay at one end and the water at the other.
This helps maximize the impact of their hooves on the land, and helps
distribute the waste (manure and urine) more evenly across the
property. Now and then they also move the feed in order to encourage the
animals to take a different path. In short, the idea is to imitate
nature as much as possible, which includes the migration of wild herds
across the land.
The pastures are all covered with a mix of perennial grasses.
Perennials grow taproots that are nearly 8 feet long — much deeper than
annuals. These long taproots help nourish the soil microbiome, which
need the plant interaction. Shallow-rooted annuals are mixed in to
increase diversity, but perennials are the long-term solution that
allows the land to turn into a true savannah.
Working With Natural Cycles Improves Productivity
To adopt this kind of system you do need to understand how the
various cycles work, such as the energy, carbon and water cycles.
Otherwise you might fail to manage the process properly. For example, in
the:
• Energy cycle,
photosynthesis produces grass that feeds the cows. When sunlight hits
bare earth, it’s of no use, so planting cover crops is key. • Carbon cycle, the
grass covering can be likened to photosynthesizing tissue that breathes
in carbon dioxide, sequestering it in the ground, and breathes out
oxygen, which is critical for animal and human life. By sequestering
carbon in the soil where it’s needed, the plants help remove excess
carbon dioxide from the air where it does harm. • Water cycle, the
quality of the soil makes a big difference. When the soil is hard and
degraded, any rain that falls simply runs off and takes topsoil with it.
When the soil quality is good, with high amounts of organic matter, it
soaks up the water like a sponge. That not only helps retain water, but
also the topsoil.
In short, healthier soils are part of the solution to reduce water
consumption in agriculture. At present, agriculture uses up about 70
percent of the world’s fresh water, making conventional farming a
significant contributor to looming water shortages. Regenerative
agriculture can significantly reduce the world’s water needs.
These are complex cycles, and there are cycles within cycles that
work in a symbiotic fashion. But once you get it right, you can rebuild
soil quality at a very efficient rate. Harris, for example, is creating
healthy topsoil hundreds if not thousands of times quicker than it would
occur in nature simply by working with and optimizing these natural
cycles.
How to Identify Healthier Foods
Your best bet for finding healthy food is to grow your own. If that’s
not possible, then connect with a local farmer who raises crops and
animals according to organic standards. In addition to organic produce,
remember to choose organic, grass-fed/pasture-raised beef, poultry and
dairy to avoid harmful contaminants like pesticides.
In the case of eggs, what you’re looking for is eggs from pastured,
free-range hens. You can tell their superior quality by their dark,
golden yellow yolks. The Cornucopia Institute’s egg report and organic egg scorecard ranks 136 egg producers according to 28 organic criteria. Organic grass-fed and grass-finished meats have other nutritional benefits beyond being higher in healthy fats; they’re also free of antibiotics and other drugs used in concentrated animal feeding operations
(CAFOs). With antibiotic-resistant disease being a major public health
hazard, buying organic meats is an important consideration in more ways
than one.
Unless labeled as grass-fed, virtually all the meat you buy in the
grocery store is CAFO beef, and tests have revealed that nearly half of
the meat sold in U.S. stores is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria —
including antibiotic-resistant strains. Grass-fed beef is not associated
with this high frequency of contamination, and the animals’ living
conditions have everything to do with this improved safety.
Sustainable Food Sources
If you live in the U.S., the following organizations can help you locate farm-fresh foods:
EatWild.com provides lists of farmers known to produce wholesome raw
dairy products as well as grass-fed beef and other farm-fresh produce
(although not all are certified organic). Here you can also find
information about local farmers markets, as well as local stores and
restaurants that sell grass-fed products.
Weston A Price has local chapters in most states, and many of them are
connected with buying clubs in which you can easily purchase organic
foods, including grass fed raw dairy products like milk and butter.
This website will help you find farmers markets, family farms, and other
sources of sustainably grown food in your area where you can buy
produce, grass-fed meats, and many other goodies.
The Eat Well Guide is a free online directory of sustainably raised
meat, poultry, dairy, and eggs from farms, stores, restaurants, inns,
hotels and online outlets in the United States and Canada.
The FoodRoutes "Find Good Food" map can help you connect with local
farmers to find the freshest, tastiest food possible. On their
interactive map, you can find a listing for local farmers, CSAs and
markets near you.
The Cornucopia Institute maintains web-based tools rating all certified
organic brands of eggs, dairy products, and other commodities, based on
their ethical sourcing and authentic farming practices separating CAFO
"organic" production from authentic organic practices.
If you're still unsure of where to find raw milk, check out Raw-Milk-Facts.com and RealMilk.com. They can tell you what the status is for legality in your state, and provide a listing of raw dairy farms in your area.
The Farm to Consumer Legal Defense Fund7 also provides a state-by-state review of raw milk laws.8 California residents can also find raw milk retailers using the store locator available at www.OrganicPastures.com.
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