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U.S. Right to Know (USRTK) last week filed three new Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuits against federal agencies as part of an ongoing effort to uncover what is known about the origins of COVID-19, leaks or mishaps at biosafety labs and the risks of gain-of-function research.

The nonprofit investigative public health group has filed more than 90 state, federal and international public records requests since July 2020, seeking information related to the origins of SARS-CoV-2.

The group filed the three new lawsuits after federal agencies failed to respond to several FOIA requests, instead withholding documents and information that potentially shed light on the origins of COVID-19 and related issues.

“The public and global scientific community have a right to know what data exists about these matters,” USRTK said.

HHS, DARPA, National Library of Medicine targets of latest lawsuits

USRTK filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the National Library of Medicine (NLM) after they ignored USRTK’s request, submitted in June, for information about Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) inquiries made before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Researchers commonly use BLAST to compare potentially new genetic sequences to a database of known sequences. The lawsuit seeks to uncover whether anyone was using BLAST to align a nucleic acid or amino acid sequence identical to parts of the SARS-CoV-2 genome before the pandemic.

USRTK Executive Director Gary Ruskin explained the significance of this investigation in a tweet:

In response to the original FOIA request, the NLM told USRTK it had “no responsive records,” but didn’t provide details about how it looked into the issue. NLM ignored USRTK’s appeal with follow-up questions, which led to the lawsuit.

USRTK filed another lawsuit against the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) when it didn’t respond to two FOIA requests from October 2020 and March 2021.

The first request sought records about funding contracts, grant agreements and communications about funding DARPA provided to Duke University in 2017, as part of DARPA’s Pandemic Prevention Platform program.

The funding granted to the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, housed in the Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, provided $12.8 million over 30 months to develop a system capable of halting viral pandemics within 60 days.

The second FOIA request sought contracts, grants and communication pertaining to eight contracts funded by DARPA’s PREventing EMerging Pathogenic Threats program to develop technology to surveil and model viral pathogens in animals and insects with the potential for human spillover.

USRTK filed a third lawsuit against HHS and the NLM for ignoring an August 2022 FOIA asking the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to release all early SARS-CoV-2 sequences or SARS-like sequences that might be suppressed or withheld from public view.

The investigative nonprofit filed the FOIA request after researchers found NIH had deleted SARS-CoV-2 sequences from its databases.

In 2021, Jesse Bloom, Ph.D., an evolutionary biologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle, uncovered 13 sequences from early in the Wuhan outbreak that were deleted from the NIH Sequence Read Archive at the submitter’s request.

USRTK also reported that in July 2022, the NIH released 163 spike protein sequences from SARS-like coronaviruses originally submitted in 2018. Ten days later those sequences were removed from public view.

Karolina Corin, Ph.D., staff scientist at USRTK, underscored the importance of this FOIA request in August, tweeting:

Bloom and other scientists concurred, writing in Science:

“Whether the origins are from a lab leak or from zoonotic spillover, knowing how COVID-19 emerged is critical for informing strategies to mitigate risk of future outbreaks.”

‘Full and honest picture’ of COVID origins and gain-of-function research dangers suppressed

Two hypotheses exist regarding the COVID-19 virus origins — one that it resulted from a natural “zoonotic” spillover and the other that it resulted from a “lab leak” from the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), a biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory partially funded by the U.S. government.

A group of researchers associated with the WIV and EcoHealth Alliance, a U.S.-based nonprofit that collaborated with WIV on coronavirus research, heavily promoted the zoonotic spillover hypothesis.

In March 2020, the researchers published a letter in Nature Medicine asserting that the lab theory was not “plausible.”

The letter was influential in discrediting those who questioned the zoonotic origin hypothesis as “conspiracy theorists,” despite the fact that other scientists continued to call for research into the origins of COVID-19.

Dr. Anthony Fauci’s email correspondence from January to June 2020, obtained by the Washington Post, Buzzfeed News and CNN through FOIA requests, showed researchers had alerted Fauci and his colleagues early on to the possibility that COVID-19 may have leaked from the Wuhan lab.

The emails also show that Fauci and then director of the NIH, Dr. Francis Collins, participated in a teleconference where they advised the researchers who drafted the letter not to mention the possibility of a lab leak.

In a White House press conference, Fauci later pointed to that letter as evidence the virus had a zoonotic origin.

In August, House Republicans said they would open an inquiry into the potential lab origins of COVID-19 if they won a majority in the House in the midterm elections. They won that majority this November.

On Tuesday, Fauci told reporters in a White House briefing that he will fully cooperate with House Republicans if they launch an investigation into the origins of COVID-19. “I have no trouble testifying — we can defend and explain everything that we’ve said.”

Appearing on Sunday’s Meet the Press, Fauci added that he had a “completely open mind” regarding the origins of the virus, and conceded that the zoonotic origin hypothesis “hasn’t been definitively proven.”

The “lab leak” hypothesis is supported by a history of safety concerns with high-level biosafety labs in general and the BSL-4 lab in Wuhan in particular.

Published research and U.S. federal grants to EcoHealth Alliance to fund WIV’s coronavirus research demonstrate that WIV stored potentially dangerous SARS-like coronaviruses, and carried out gain-of-function research in collaboration with U.S. universities.

In June, The Defender reported that the World Health Organization acknowledged there are crucial information gaps hindering its investigation into COVID-19 origins, leaving open the possibility the virus could have escaped from a lab.

This statement contradicted WHO’s earlier claim that it was “extremely unlikely” COVID-19 leaked from the WIV.

ProPublica and Vanity Fair investigated WIV this fall, reporting “a complex and grave situation” inside of “a biocomplex in crisis.” In late October, Sen. Richard Burr (R-N.C.) also released an interim report into the origins of the COVID-19 virus that strongly supported the lab-leak theory.

Given the limited investigation and the lack of transparency regarding the research into the origins of COVID-19, gain-of-function research and biolabs, USRTK in July 2020 began submitting public records requests because the group was “concerned that the national security apparatuses of the United States, China and elsewhere, and the university, industry and governmental entities with which they collaborate, may not provide a full and honest picture of the origins of SARS-CoV-2 and the dangers of gain-of-function research.”

According to USRTK:

“SARS-CoV-2 origin investigations raise vital questions about transparency deficits regarding research on potential pandemic pathogens, and the imperatives and players that are creating increasingly widespread biosafety containment facilities where dangerous viruses are stored and modified to make them more deadly.”