The
Seven Liberal Arts
When Rome dissolved in the sixth century, Roman genius
emerged as the Universal Christian
Church, an inspired religious sect grown spontaneously into a vehicle
which invested ultimate
responsibility for personal salvation in the sovereign individual. The Roman Church hit upon schooling as a
useful adjunct, and so what few schools could be found after the fall of Rome were in
ecclesiastical hands, remaining there for the next eleven or twelve centuries. Promotion inside the Church
began to depend on having first
received training of the Hellenic type. Thus a brotherhood of thoughtful
men was created from the demise of
the Empire and from the necessity of intellectually defining the new mission.
As the Church experimented with
schooling, students met originally at the teacher's house, but gradually some church space was dedicated for the
purpose. Thanks to competition
among Church officials, each Bishop strove to offer a school and these, in time to be called Cathedral schools,
attracted attention and some important sponsorship, each being a showcase of the Bishop's own educational
taste.
When the Germanic tribes evacuated
northern Europe, overrunning the south, cathedral schools and monastic schools trained the invading leadership
— a precedent of disregarding
local interests which has continued ever after. Cathedral schools were the important educational institutions of
the Middle Ages; from them derived all the schools of western Europe, at least in principle.
In practice, however, few forms of later
schooling would be the intense intellectual centers these were. The Seven Liberal Arts made up the main
curriculum: lower studies were
composed of grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic. Grammar was an introduction
to literature, rhetoric an introduction
to law and history, dialectic the path to philosophical and metaphysical disputation. Higher
studies included arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. Arithmetic was well beyond simple calculation,
entering into descriptive and
analytical capacities of numbers and their prophetic use (which became
modern statistics); geometry embraced
geography and surveying; music covered a broad course in theory; astronomy prepared entry into physics and
advanced mathematics.
Between the eleventh and the fourteenth
centuries, an attempt to reduce the influence of emotionality in religion took command of church policy.
Presenting the teachings of the
Church in scientific form became the main ecclesiastical purpose of
school, a tendency called scholasticism.
This shift from emotion to intellect resulted in great skill in analysis, in comparison and contrasts, in
classifications and abstraction, as well as famous verbal hairsplitting — like how many angels
could dance on the head of a pin. Scholasticism became the basis for future upper-class schooling.
5 years ago I had warts, I was treated with some liquid applied to the warts they continued to grow and spread... The next 2 doctors did laser surgery to remove them. 1 year after the surgery, they grew back close to where the 1st ones were' so I was finally told it was hpv. I have had it for very long time, I contract it from my cheated boyfriend and I found out he was also infected and I end up the relationship between us. the warts was so embarrasses because it started spreading all over I have be dealing with this things for very long time the last treatment I take was About 2 years ago I applied natural treatment from Dr onokun herbal cure, a week after applying the treatment all the warts was gone. it's now 2 years and some months I don't have single wart or any symptoms of hpv. wow"" it's great, Dr onokun has finally cured me. Anyone living with hpv contact Dr onokun for natural treatment.
ReplyDeleteHis email address: dronokunherbalcure@gmail.com