By Dr. Mercola
Artificial sweeteners such as aspartame are typically used to
sweeten so-called "diet" foods and beverages in lieu of sugar or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). The idea is that reducing your calorie consumption will result in weight loss.
However, research has completely demolished this notion, showing that artificial sweeteners actually have the converse effect; they actually lower appetite suppressant chemicals and encourage sugar cravings and sugar dependence, thereby raising your odds of unwanted weight gain.1,2
Research has repeatedly shown that artificial sweeteners promote
insulin resistance and related health problems just like regular sugar
does, including3,4,5 cardiovascular disease, stroke6,7 and Alzheimer's disease.
While poor diet is a major driver of Alzheimer's in general (the primary culprits being sugar/fructose and grains, especially gluten),
the key mechanism of harm here appears to be methanol toxicity — a
much-ignored problem associated with aspartame in particular.
In a previous interview, toxicology expert Woodrow Monte, Ph.D.,
(author of the book "While Science Sleeps: A Sweetener Kills"8) explains the links between aspartame and methanol toxicity and the formation of toxic formaldehyde.
Newly Leaked Emails Discuss Rumsfeld's Involvement in Aspartame Approval
John Podesta's leaked emails have turned up a number of damning
pieces confirming the collusion between the soda industry and high
level officials within the U.S. government, including Hillary Clinton.
In a recent batch of leaked emails, Donald Rumsfeld's9 involvement in the approval of aspartame is discussed.10
Rumsfeld served as White House chief of staff from 1974 to 1975. He
was also secretary of defense from 1975 to 1977, and again from 2001 to
2006.
In 1976, Rumsfeld became CEO of the drug company G.D. Searle &
Company, which was trying to get aspartame approved by the FDA.
To put the email chain into context, in 2013 the International Dairy
Foods Association (IDFA) and the National Milk Producers Federation
(NMPF) filed a petition with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) requesting the agency "amend the standard of identity" for milk
and other dairy products.
This change would allow them to add aspartame to chocolate milk,
which is a primary milk product served with school lunches, without
labeling it as a low-calorie drink. I wrote about this in my article, "Big Dairy Petitions FDA to Allow Unlabeled Use of Aspartame in Dairy Products."
Former Head of FDA Reveals His Concerns About Aspartame
At that time, Wendy Abrams, founder of Cool Globes Inc., an
organization dedicated to raising awareness of climate change, forwarded
correspondence to Podesta that she'd received from Don Kennedy.
Kennedy is a former head of the FDA11
and current editor-in-chief of Science Magazine. In his email
correspondence with her, he shares his concerns about aspartame's
potential toxicity:12,13
"The whole sweeteners issue has interested me since my early
time at FDA … A little later, still during my time as Commissioner I
was called on by Don Rumsfeld, who introduced himself as the CEO of
Searle …
[W]e told him that we would look carefully at the evidence and rely on our expert committee structure as usual.
Aspartame continued to attract concerned critics, and we at FDA
saw no resumption of Searle's effort to get it approved. I looked up
one piece on that history, which I append below. Not a very nice story.
'In 1985 Monsanto purchased G.D. Searle, the chemical company
that held the patent to aspartame, the active ingredient in NutraSweet.
Monsanto was apparently untroubled by aspartame's clouded past,
including a 1980 FDA Board of Inquiry, comprised of three independent
scientists, which confirmed that it 'might induce brain tumors.'
The FDA had actually banned aspartame based on this finding,
only to have Searle Chairman Donald Rumsfeld … vow to 'call in his
markers,' to get it approved' … "
Aspartame 'Blew Holes in Their Brains'
In her correspondence with Kennedy, Abrams also noted her own adverse reactions to NutraSweet, noting that:
"… I think it is poison … Doctors will swear to me it is fine,
and I will tell them, maybe I'm the only person in the world who reacts
like this, but clearly it affects me, and then they'll tell me again,
it is fine. They are so brainwashed by the propaganda, they refuse to
believe anything contrary.
I also have a friend who worked for the researchers at University of Chicago (which has a top rated neurology dept [sic]) and the doctors there said when they gave NutraSweet to lab mice, it literally blew holes in their brains."
In a subsequent email, Kennedy tells Abrams that: "Rumsfeld has a lot to answer for in his next life."
Children Are at Increased Risk
As is often the case, children are particularly susceptible to damage from artificial sweeteners.
A recent study14
evaluating how much artificial sweetener is actually absorbed into the
blood when consumed by children versus adults found that children had
DOUBLE the concentration after drinking a 12-ounce can of diet soda
compared to the adults. As reported by Science Daily:15
"The same research team previously found that these artificial
sweeteners were also present in breast milk when mothers ingested
foods, drinks, medicines or other products that contained artificial
sweeteners.
Since infants have less ability to clear substances from their
blood stream via the kidneys (lower glomerular filtration rate up to
age 2 years), the authors speculate that the infants' artificial
sweetener blood levels may be proportionately even higher.
These results are important because early life exposure to
artificial sweeteners may influence a child's future taste preferences,
diet and metabolic fate."
Research Reveals Surprising Mechanism of Harm
Research published in the journal Nature16
in 2014 revealed a previously unknown mechanism by which artificial
sweeteners make you pack on unwanted pounds and disrupt your metabolic
function. Most importantly, this study proved causation.
In recent years, we've learned that gut microbes play a significant
role in human health. Certain gut microbes have been linked to obesity,
for example, and as it turns out, artificial sweeteners disrupt your
intestinal microflora,17,18,19,20,21 thereby raising your risk of obesity, diabetes and other related problems.
Specifically, the researchers found that artificial sweeteners alter
metabolic pathways associated with metabolic disease. Decreased
function was observed in pathways associated with the transport of
sugar in the body.
Artificial sweeteners were also found to induce gut dysbiosis and glucose intolerance
in otherwise healthy people. Of the artificial sweeteners tested,
saccharin (Sweet'N Low) had the strongest impact, followed by sucralose
and aspartame.
Glucose intolerance is a well-known precursor to type 2 diabetes,
but it also plays a role in obesity, because the excess sugar in your
blood ends up being stored in your fat cells.According to the authors
of this widely publicized study:22
"[W]e demonstrate that consumption of commonly used non-caloric
artificial sweeteners formulations drives the development of glucose
intolerance through induction of compositional and functional
alterations to the intestinal microbiota ...
Collectively, our results link non-caloric artificial sweeteners
(NAS) consumption, dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities, thereby
calling for a reassessment of massive NAS usage."
Another study, published in PLOS One,23
also found that when rats were fed aspartame, it shifted their gut
microbiota, causing it to produce propionate — short-chain fatty acids
(SCFAs) involved in sugar production — which resulted in elevated blood
sugar.
Diet Soda May Impact Your and Your Child's Fertility
Recent research24
also suggests artificially sweetened drinks may affect your fertility.
It found a connection between saccharin and sucralose consumption and
reduced fertility rates among women undergoing in vitro fertilization
(IVF) treatment. These artificial sweeteners also raised the risk of a
woman's embryo having at least one deformity. Professor Dr. Adam Balen,
chairman of the British Fertility Society (BFS), told The Daily
Telegraph:25
"This is a very interesting study that suggests the false
promise of artificial sweeteners that are found in soft drinks and
added to drinks, such as coffee, may have a significant effect on the
quality and fertility of woman's eggs and this may further impact on
the chances of conception. These findings are highly significant to our
population. There should be more scrutiny of food additives and better
information available to the public and, in particular, those wishing
to conceive."
'Diet' Soda Is a Fraud
False advertising is prohibited by federal law, and the term "diet"
is only permitted on brands or labels when it is not false or
misleading. In light of the research demonstrating that artificial
sweeteners actually raise your risk of obesity rather than combat it,
the consumer group U.S. Right to Know (US RTK) has asked the Federal
Trade Commission (FTC) and the FDA to investigate Coca-Cola Co.,
PepsiCo Inc. and other companies for false advertising.26,27
In its 2015 citizen petition to the FDA,28,29
US RTK asked the agency to issue warning letters to Coca-Cola and
Pepsi, concluding that the beverages are misbranded because the use of
the term "diet" is false and misleading. In another letter,30
the group urged the agency to stop Coca-Cola Company from making
"illegal claims that its artificially sweetened sodas prevent, mitigate
or treat obesity," noting that Coca-Cola has made such claims on at
least eight occasions.
For example, Coca-Cola Company announced that its No. 1 "global
commitment to fighting obesity" is to "offer low- or no- calorie
beverage options in every market."31
However, if artificially sweetened beverages promote obesity rather
than fight it — which research clearly indicates — then Coca-Cola's
commitment is anything but helpful. Nor is it supported by science. I
listed a sampling of studies clearly refuting the industry's "diet"
claims in my previous article, "Aspartame Update: Coke Illegally Claims Diet Soda Can Combat Obesity."
Most recently, The New York Times32 reported on a new study33
showing water clearly beats diet soda for weight loss. Eighty-one
overweight women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes ate the same diet, with
one exception. Half drank diet beverages five times a week while the
other half drank plain water.
Six months later, the group that drank water had lost an average of
14 pounds. The diet soda group lost an average of 11.5 pounds. The
water group also saw greater improvements in measures of diabetes
severity, such as fasting insulin and postprandial glucose. All of this
is right in line with previous research showing artificial sweeteners
promote weight gain and worsen diabetes.
Expect More Artificial Sweeteners in Pepsi Products
PepsiCo is now vowing to reduce the amount of sugar they add to their drinks.34
According to a recent announcement, at least two-thirds of its drinks
will contain 100 calories or less from added sugar per 12-ounce serving
by 2025. But while this may sound like good news, it simply means that
more artificial sweeteners will be used.
Indeed, the company has stated it will achieve this sugar-reduction
goal by introducing more artificially sweetened drinks and
reformulating existing beverage recipes. Considering artificial
sweeteners are more damaging than sugar, this means the company's
products will become even more harmful than they already are.
As you may recall, just last year Pepsi announced it would stop
using aspartame. The decision came on the heels of declining diet
beverage sales following a string of bad press discussing mounting
health concerns.
Alas, by September 2015 the company reintroduced aspartame, claiming
consumers were demanding more choices. Whether that's true or not is
impossible to tell, but another, and more likely incentive, is that
PepsiCo is simply trying to hedge their bets should a tax on sugary
beverages actually go through.
Reclaim Your Health by Ditching 'Diet' Drinks and Snacks
When you add together the various routes of harm — from confusing
your body with sweet taste without calories, altering your gut bacteria
for the worse, impairing your fertility and, who knows, maybe even
"blowing holes in your brain" — it becomes easy to see how artificial
sweeteners have likely played a role in worsening the obesity and
diabetes epidemics since their emergence in our food supply, and how
they may be undermining health in a myriad of unsuspected ways.
I strongly recommend avoiding ALL artificial sweeteners, and to
read food labels to make sure you're not inadvertently consuming them.
They're added to some 6,000 different beverages, snacks and food
products, so there's no telling where they might be hiding.
As for safer sweetener options, you could use stevia
or Lo Han, both of which are safe natural sweeteners. Keep in mind,
however, that if you struggle with high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, diabetes or extra weight, then you have insulin
sensitivity issues and would probably benefit from avoiding all
sweeteners, including natural ones.
Unfortunately, just like sugar, artificial sweeteners can cause you to
become addicted to them. If you find you have trouble quitting diet
soda or other artificially sweetened products, I suggest trying Turbo
Tapping.
This is a version of the Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) that is specifically geared toward combating sugar cravings. For instructions, please see the article, "Turbo Tapping: How to Get Rid of Your Soda Addiction." The video below with EFT practitioner Julie Schiffman also demonstrates how to use EFT to fight food cravings of all kinds.
If you still have cravings after trying EFT or Turbo Tapping, you may need to make further changes to your diet. My updated nutrition plan
can help you do this in a step-by-step fashion. Last but not least,
if you experience side effects from aspartame or any other artificial
sweetener, please report it to the FDA (if you live in the United
States). It's easy to make a report — just go to the FDA Consumer Complaint Coordinator page, find the phone number for your state, and make a call reporting your reaction.
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Contrary to these alarmist claims, substantive science verifies the safety of low-calorie sweeteners, including aspartame. In fact, the EFSA recently conducted an in-depth risk assessment on aspartame, and deemed it safe for general consumption and pregnant women, as well as ruled out other alleged effects. With regard to the study cited here relating to gut flora, it’s important to point out that this research has numerous limitations and fails to prove its conclusions.
Consumers can also rest assured that diet beverages aid weight loss and management. In fact, the CHOICE study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in January of 2013 confirms that diet beverages can be an important tool in helping reduce calories.
Let’s keep the big picture in perspective – and the vast body of research – which shows that consumers can have every confidence in enjoying diet beverages.
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Contrary to these alarmist claims, substantive science verifies the safety of low-calorie sweeteners, including aspartame. In fact, the EFSA recently conducted an in-depth risk assessment on aspartame, and deemed it safe for general consumption and pregnant women, as well as ruled out other alleged effects. With regard to the study cited here relating to gut flora, it’s important to point out that this research has numerous limitations and fails to prove its conclusions.
ReplyDeleteConsumers can also rest assured that diet beverages aid weight loss and management. In fact, the CHOICE study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in January of 2013 confirms that diet beverages can be an important tool in helping reduce calories.
Let’s keep the big picture in perspective – and the vast body of research – which shows that consumers can have every confidence in enjoying diet beverages.