Article:Theoretical Foundation for the Functioning of Meyer's Fuel Cell

Arend Lammertink, MSc., blows a small ox horn to demonstrate resonance.

Preface by Sterling D. Allan
Pure Energy Systems News
June 5, 2013

I received the following by email from Arend Lammertink <lamare{at}gmail> on June 05, 2013 9:33 AM MST [GMT-6], and asked his permission to publish it, which he promptly granted.
It is a follow-up from an article he posted here at PESWiki back on October 22, 2010, titled: Free Electric Energy in Theory and Practice. It has been accessed 116,797 times so far, with numerous updates by him over time.
I mention this because it illustrates what I had hoped to accomplish in launching PESWiki back in 2004 -- a publicly editable website with content relevant to free energy -- the Wikipedia of free energy. I wish more people would take such an opportunity to post their theories, replications, business profiles, personal profiles, and indexes about relevant topics of interest. And it would be nice if we had more people helping orient newcomers to how to do things, and to keep an eye on changes made.
Don't be discouraged if you run into problems trying to set up an account. We had to disable that feature due to being overwhelmed by spam. All you need to do is send me an email, letting me know what username you want, and I'll have Stuart set it up for you. Then you can log in and post content, edit stuff, correct mistakes, create new feature pages, etc.
Just let me know when you create something great so I can put a link to it from our news. Some pages of the site are only editable with higher level access. That article by Arend is an example of something great that completely slipped past my attention. I didn't even realize it was here.
I've posted his article here at PESWiki so he can edit it as he sees fit, over time.

[hide]

Article

Arend Lammertink, MSc.

Hi Sterling,
Mailed this to a number of people. Might interest you, too. The thread a/o refers to my article at your wiki site. I am convinced this is a theoretic breaktrough for the replication of Meyer's cell:
-:-
Hello,
Let me first introduce myself briefly. I hold a Masters degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Twente, The Netherlands, and have been studying free energy systems, like Meyers', for more than 5 years.
What I have discovered over the years is that there are possibilities to extract energy out of the environment / ZP field / aether / or whatever name you prefer.
I posted a thread at Russ Gries' site about how I think Meyer was able to create an "over-unity" system, which of course is not actually over-unity. It uses an energy source which is available, but has not been recognized/identified so far. I am confident I have identified it:
http://open-source-energy.org/forum/showthread.php?tid=1168
-:-
Prof. Claus Turtur wrote an interesting piece, wherein he shows that the propagating electric (and magnetic) fields loose energy (to the vacuum), while apparently the particles (electrons, atom nuclieï, etc) that emit these fields draw energy from somewhere, since they don't loose mass. He came up with the idea that there is a circulation of energy between the vacuum and these particles and therefore you can in principle tap the energy emitted by particles in the shape of electro-magnetic fields:
http://www.wbabin.net/physics/turtur1e.pdf
When you accept the propagating EM fields to transport energy and you accept particles to somehow draw energy from the vacuum, which they emit in the shape of "static" electro-magnetic fields, then you have a foundation for building devices which draw their energy from the vacuum.
I believe Stan Meyer did this by creating a thin, semi-permanent polarized dielectric layer on his fuell cell tubes, which would be akin to an electret, just as happens in a normal electrolytic capacitor. Because these layers are very thin, it apparently is possible to induce a very strong electric field in a thin area inside the water around the dielectric, such that the field strength exceeds the dielectric breakdown fieldstrength of water, which then apparently splits into hydrogen and oxygen.
So, then you have a polarized dielectric which is, according to Turtur, capable of pulling in energy from the vacuum and convert that to electric field energy. And then this energy is converted into a usable fuel by having it split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
At least, that's my theory in a nutshell.
-:-
To sum this up: I am confident that I have not only identified the energy source being used, but also the mechanism by which it is utilized. This gives you all you need to be able to make a succesfull replication of Meyer's technology, which may even exceed the success achieved by Ravi and Lawton, so far the best replications to my knowledge, which are completely in line with my theoretic considerations.
Perhaps these considerations are helpful in your research.
Kindest regards,
Arend Lammertink, MSc.

Update in response to Mr. or Mrs. xana

What Prof. Turtur did is that he showed that the electric field, which is emitted by charge carriers, is an energy source, because the charge carriers that emit the electric field convert energy from the vacuum into electric field energy.
It has been known for a very long time that the electric field propagates (travels) at the speed of light, which means it is not a "static" force. Normally, when you work with electricity, you do not really concern yourself with the behavior of the electric field you are working with. And because the law of conservation of energy is such a basic law, no one gives much thought about the fact that a "charged" object DOES radiate energy in the shape of what is called a "static" electric field. Until Prof. Turtur.
Now a dielectric is a material that can be polarized:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric
"A dielectric is an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field. When a dielectric is placed in an electric field, electric charges do not flow through the material as they do in a conductor, but only slightly shift from their average equilibrium positions causing dielectric polarization."
So, a dielectric can be polarized using an electric field. This effect is used in capacitors, whereby a dielectric is placed in between metal plates. When you charge the plates, the dielectric gets polarized and when you discharge the capacitor, the polarization also is undone.
However, a dielectric *can* be kept in this polarization state for quite a long time. An interesting demonstration hereof is this YouTube video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ckpQW9sdUg
And besides that, when discharging a capacitor very fast, the dielectric cannot keep up de-polarizing and an effect known as "dielectric relaxation" occurs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric#Dielectric_relaxation
"Dielectric relaxation is the momentary delay (or lag) in the dielectric constant of a material. This is usually caused by the delay in molecular polarization[disambiguation needed] with respect to a changing electric field in a dielectric medium (e.g. inside capacitors or between two large conducting surfaces). Dielectric relaxation in changing electric fields could be considered analogous to hysteresis in changing magnetic fields (for inductors or transformers)."
When you charge any normal electrolytic capacitor to, say 10 V, and then briefly shortcut it, the capacitor will afterwards recharge itself to about 10% of the originally applied voltage due to this effect.
So what we got is a material that can be polarized and thus creates an electric field, and this effect can last a considerable time period under the right circumstances. It is possible to create materials which are permanently polarized, which are called electrets. These materials are a/o used in electret microphones:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electret
"Electret (formed of elektr- from "electricity" and -et from "magnet") is a dielectric material that has a quasi-permanent electric charge or dipole polarisation. An electret generates internal and external electric fields, and is the electrostatic equivalent of a permanent magnet. Oliver Heaviside coined this term in 1885."
So, the electric field which is made available by an electret or polarized dielectric contains energy. Energy that must come from somewhere. Now what Prof. Turtur has shown is that this energy is being converted by the atoms/molecules in the dielectric from energy available in the vacuum / zero point field / aether / or whatever name you prefer.
In other words: a polarized dielectric (electret) IS an energy source from a practical point of view.
Now when you put a polarized dielectric in water, as is done in an electrolytic capacitor, the electric field created by the dielectric extends into the water. Now when you polarize the very thin dielectric layer in a electrolytic capacitor very strongly, it is possible to create such a strong electric field in a very tiny area around the dielectric that the field exceeds the dielectric breakdown strength of water, and you get "dielectric breakdown":
http://classes.yale.edu/fractals/panorama/physics/dla/DBM/DBM.html
"Dielectric breakdown refers to the formation of electrically conducting regions in an insulating material exposed to a strong electric field. For example, the intense electric fields during thunderstorms can produce a conducting path in the air along which many electrons flow (lightning)."
So, what happens then is that because of the very strong electric field, electrons are ripped of their molecules and thus ionization occurs. This is what is called a "plasma", and you get tiny sparks in your dielectric, in this case water.
In this situation, the very same reactions that normally occur with "electrolysis" - requiring external power by means of an electric current - now also occur within the fluid, *but* they are powered by the electric field, without any external current being fed into the capacitor, although *some* current is needed to "charge" the capacitor in order to polarize the dielectric.
And the trick to create a much stronger polarized dielectric layer than normal is to "charge" the capacitor with sudden high voltage spikes. That creates momentarily a very strong electric field over the dielectric and thus polarizes it very strongly. That is the essence of what John Bedini's chargers do.
This way, we can produce H2 / O2 gas, a usable fuel, while we extract the energy for the production of the fuel out of the aether (the name I prefer). So, we extract a lot of energy from the aether, while we only have to invest a small amount of current in order to get that energy, namely the current needed to "charge" the capacitor and polarize the dielectric.
Now since the amount of energy we acquire that way in the shape of a usable fuel is much bigger than the amount of energy we have to spent in order to get that energy, we get a system with a COP > 1 (Coefficient Of Performance), the same principle as being used in a/o geothermal heatpumps:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_heat_pump
YOU spend a small amount of energy in order to extract a large amount of energy for free from a known energy source.
So, that is the essence. For practical application, quite a lot of details must be filled in, such as the choice of metal and electrolyte and the need for acoustic resonance in order to keep the fluid in sufficient movement. However, all that are practical considerations which are completely engineerable by a team of electrical engineers, mechanical engineers and chemists.
It's a bit more than one paragraph, but I hope this helps...

In the News

Featured: Water as Fuel > Meyer > Lammertink >
Theoretical Foundation for the Functioning of Meyer's Fuell Cell - Arend Lammertink has provided us with a follow-up article saying: "I think Meyer was able to create an over-unity system, which of course is not actually over-unity. It uses an energy source which is available, but has not been recognized/identified so far. I am confident I have identified it." (PESWiki; June 5, 2013)

Templeton Times

Fluoride Information

Sunday, October 11, 2015

Theoretical Foundation for the Functioning of Meyer's Fuell Cell: from Pure Energy Systems News

Article:Theoretical Foundation for the Functioning of Meyer's Fuel Cell

Contents

Article

Update in response to Mr. or Mrs. xana

In the News

See also

No comments:

Post a Comment