A time-line of the Russian RevolutionWorld News | Politics | History | Editor(Copyright © 2008 Piero Scaruffi) |
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See the timeline of Russia for the events preceding the revolution TM, ®, Copyright © 2008 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. March 1917: Bending to riots by women, striking workers and defecting soldiers, tsar Nicholas II abdicates, thereby ending the Romanov dynasty ("february revolution") March 1917: The Petrograd Soviet of Workers' Deputies is formed April 1917: Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik party in exile, returns to Petrograd May 1917: Leon Trotsky returns to Petrograd from exile July 1917: Aleksandr Kerensky is appointed by the Duma as prime minister of the provisional government September 1917: The Duma declares Russia a republic September 1917: Leon Trotsky is appointed chairman of the Petrograd Soviet October 1917: Russia recognizes Poland's independence November 1917: Bolsheviks overthrow the Kerensky government and install Lenin as leader of Russia ("october revolution") against the will of the Mensheviks and of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries (only two communists oppose Lenin's coup: Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev) November 1917: Estonia declares its independence from Russia November 1917: The elections for the Constituent Assembly are won by the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries (40% against 24% for the Bolsheviks) November 1917: Ukraine declares its independence from Russia December 1917: Lenin creates the secret police Cheka under the command of Feliks Dzerzinisky December 1917: Finland declares its independence from Russia December 1917: The Bolshevik government deprive the Cossacks of their special status January 1918: Poland declares war on Bolshevik Russia February 1918: Russia adopts the Gregorian calendar February 1918: The Transcaucasian Federation (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbajan) declares its independence from Russia March 1918: Britain invades Murmansk March 1918: Menshevik leader Julius Martov publishes an article exposing the Bolsheviks as ordinary criminals March 1918: The Cossacks led by Ataman Krasnov join Denikin's "White Army" in the Don March 1918: Lenin changes the name of the Bolshevik party to Russian Communist Party March 1918: Russia moves the capital from Petrograd to Moskow March 1918: The Bolshevik government signs a peace treaty with Germany and accepts territorial losses March 1918: Trotsky is appointed head of the "Red Army" April 1918: Lenin orders the secret police to arrest and/or kill the anarchists May 1918: The Czechoslovak legion revolts against the Bolshevik government May 1918: Lenin dispatches Joseph Stalin to the Lower Volga region, and Stalin orders the execution of many former Tsarist officers in the Red Army May 1918: the Transcaucasian Federation collapses and Georgia, Armenia and Azerbajan declare their independence June 1918: The Bolshevik government introduces a policy of food requisition and peasant revolts break out throughout Russia July 1918: Nicholas II, his wife and their children are killed by the secret police of the Bolsheviks August 1918: Lenin orders the execution of hostages in villages that do not deliver grain August 1918: USA troops invade Vladivostok to help the British contingent August 1918: Lenin institutes the first concentration camp in the province of Penza September 1918: The Bolshevik government issues the decree "On Red Terror" and 10,000 people are executed in the first month November 1918: Bela Kun founds the Hungarian Communist Party November 1918: Bela Kun founds the Greek Communist Party (later renamed KKE) November 1918: The Red Army invades Estonia to install a communist government December 1918: The Bolsheviks only control the province of Muscovy, surrounded by Anton Denikin's "White Army" in the Don (allied with the Cossacks of Ataman Krasnov), by Kolchak's "White Army" in the northwest, by the Ukrainian army in the west (allied with the Germans) and by Czechoslovak legion along the Trans-Siberian railway in the east December 1918: Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht found the German Communist Party (KPD) 1918: Lenin nationalizes the factories, collectivizes the farms and outlaws the church January 1919: The Bolshevik government enacts a policy of extermination of the Cossacks (8,000 are executed in the next two months) January 1919: The Bolshevik troops are repelled by Estonia January 1919: The KPD starts an insurrection in Berlin March 1919: The Cheka begins persecuting the Social Revolutionaries March 1919: A peasant army carries out a two-month insurrection in the provinces of Samara and Simbirsk (5,000 rebels are killed) March 1919: Strikes all over Bolshevik-controlled territory, notably in Astrakhan (4,000 strikers killed) March 1919: Bela Kun's Communist Party seizes power in Hungary March 1919: The Comintern (or "Third International") is founded in Moskow with the aim of spreading the revolution all over the world April 1919: More than 200 peasant revolts rock Russia April 1919: The KPD starts an insurrection in Munich April 1919: The Yugoslav Communist Party is founded and joins the Comintern May 1919: The Bolshevik government orders the creation of a concentration camp in each province July 1919: The "White Army" carries out pogroms in Ukraine that kill 150,000 people in six months August 1919: Bela Kun's Communist Party loses power in Hungary December 1919: China invades Mongolia December 1919: The Cheka has arrested 500,000 deserters in 1919 TM, ®, Copyright © 2008 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. January 1920: Strikes spread throughout Russia February 1920: The Bolsheviks reconquer Ukraine February 1920: The Bolsheviks complete the occupation of Cossack lands February 1920: The "Pitchfork Rebellion" rages for two months from the Volga to the Urals February 1920: The Bolshevik government recognizes the independence of Estonia with the treaty of Tartu April 1920: Poland and Ukraine ally to fight Russia April 1920: The Soviet Union reconquers Azerbaijan April 1920: Poland invades Russia June 1920: The Kholmogory concentration camp under the command of Mikhail Kedrov begins drowning political prisoners en masse August 1920: Peasant insurrection in Tambov, the largest ever, led by Aleksandr Antonov August 1920: Poland defeats the Soviet army at the Battle of Warszaw September 1920: The Soviet Union reconquers the Bukhara khanate (western Uzbekistan) November 1920: The Soviet Union reconquers Turkestan (Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) December 1920: The Soviet army finishes off the White Army in the Crimea (50,000 are killed) December 1920: The Soviet Union reconquers Armenia December 1920: More than 300,000 Cossacks are expelled from their lands in 1920 December 1920: The ruble has lost 96% of its pre-war value December 1920: The Cheka has arrested 800,000 deserters in 1919 December 1920: Industrial production has fallen to 10% of its 1913 level December 1920: The Cheka is 15 times bigger than the Tsarist secret police by 1920 (250,000 people) and has already administered 50,000 death sentences December 1920: The French communist party is founded (SFIC, later renamed PCF) 1921: The civil war ends with Lenin's victory (millions have died of starvation, the population of Petrograd has dropped from 2.5 million in 1917 to 0.6 in 1920) January 1921: Peasants revolt in western Siberia January 1921: Palmiro Togliatti and others found the Italian Communist Party (PCI) February 1921: The mortality rate increases dramatically due to a famine largely caused by government requisitions of food February 1921: The Soviet Union reconquers Georgia and Lavrenti Beria is appointed in charge of the Cheka to suppress the nationalists February 1921: Remnants of the "White Army" help Mongolia repel the Chinese invasion February 1921: Demonstrating workers clash with police in both Moscow and Petrograd demanding the end of the Bolshevik dictatorship and free elections (thousands are arrested by the Cheka) February 1921: Dzerzinisky orders the immediate arrest of all anarchists, Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries March 1921: Under the treaty of Riga, Poland annexes western Ukraine and western Belarus March 1921: The Comintern engineers a communist revolt in Saxony, Germany March 1921: Sailors at Kronstadt stage an insurrection that the Cheka quells killing thousands March 1921: Lenin enacts the New Economic Policy May 1921: Soviet troops led by general Tukhachevsky end the Tambov insurrection using poison gas to exterminate the rebels June 1921: To increase production, the Coal Ministry orders the expulsion from mining villages of anyone not working in the mines July 1921: While the famine is killing millions, Lenin orders to bolster food requisitions September 1921: 70,000 people are held in concentration camps November 1921: The Partido Comunista de Espana is founded December 1921: Dzerzinisky is sent to Siberia as a plenipotentiary to collect taxes December 1921: The Soviet Union reconquers Dagestan TM, ®, Copyright © 2008 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. February 1922: The Soviet government orders the confiscation of valuables from churches February 1922: The Cheka is abolished and replaced by the GPU March 1922: Soviet troops shoot on crowds of church supporters April 1922: Stalin is appointed general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party May 1922: The Soviet government establishes a special commission to identify intellectuals to be arrested or expelled May 1922: Lenin suffers the first of three strokes June 1922: A new penal code allows the Soviet government to quickly dispose of political dissidents June 1922: In a large public trial leaders of the Social Revolutionaries are forced to "confess" December 1922: The Soviet Union is created by uniting Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbajan) December 1922: Five million people have died during two years of famine, mostly in the lower Volga December 1922: The anti-religious campaign has killed 2691 priests, 1962 monks and 3447 nuns in 1922 March 1923: Lenin suffers a third stroke and is de facto removed from power, opening a power struggle July 1923: The concentration camp of Solovetski is inaugurated on the White Sea October 1923: The Comintern engineers a communist revolt in Hamburg, Germany January 1924: Lenin dies and is succeeded by the triumvirate of Stalin, Kamenev, and Zinoviev January 1924: The Soviet Union establishes the autonomous Volga German Republic, mainly populated by ethnic Germans January 1924: The Communist Party denounces Trotsky and his ideology February 1924: Petrograd is renamed Leningrad August 1924: More than 10,000 people are killed in an uprising in Georgia October 1924: Trotsky reveals that Zinoviev and Kamenev opposed the "October Revolution" Month? 1924: The Soviet Union adopts a constitution based on the dictatorship of the proletariat TM, ®, Copyright © 2008 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 1925: Volgograd is renamed Stalingrad January 1925: Trotsky is forced to resign as head of the Red Army April 1925: Nikolai Bukharin introduces the thesis of "Socialism in One Country" that is adopted by Stalin against Trotsky's "Permanent Revolution" April 1925: A terrorist attack by Bulgarian communists blows up the Cathedral of Sofia and kills 140 dignitaries August 1925: Thousands of people are killed in an uprising in Chechnya December 1925: Kamenev demands that Stalin be fired from the position of general secretary January 1926: Italian communist leader Palmiro Togliatti is forced into a Russian exile by Mussolini July 1926: Zinoviev and Kamenev form the "United Opposition" against Stalin, who forms an alliance Nikolai Bukharin and Alexei Rykov, while Trotsky remains neutral July 1926: Dzerzinisky dies September 1927: The Soviet Union launches a compaign of eradication of Islam November 1927: Trotsky and Zinoviev are expelled from the Communist Party December 1927: Kamenev is expelled from the Communist Party January 1928: Trotsky is exiled to Alma Aty January 1928: Stalin launches a new persecution of kulaks (the second "peasant war") that causes more than one thousand riots in two years April 1928: Industrial managers of Shakhty are arrested and publicly tried in the first show trial since the 1922 trial of the Social Revolutionaries, the beginning of a purge of "specialists" (engineers, technicians, professors) accused of "sabotage" December 1928: The Solovetski concentration camp has 38,000 prisoners while new camps have been established in the region February 1929: Trotsky is deported to Turkey April 1929: The Soviet Union launches the first Five-Year Plan for rapid industrialization of the Soviet Union June 1929: All prisoners condemned to more than three years of prison are sent to work camps April 1929: The Soviet Union announces a plan of "mass collectivization" April 1929: The government begins an anti-religious campaign August 1929: The government institutes a six-day week (five days of work and one of rest) to disrupt sunday's mass October 1929: The Pravda calls for "total collectivization", signaling the definitive end of the NEP November 1929: Stalin calls for full collectivization and orders the persecution of "kulaks" (rich farmers), a campaign that will cause the deportation of 15 million peasants to the Arctic regions and the death of 6.5 million peasants December 1929: 1,778,000 people are convicted of crimes in 1929 January 1930: Peasants stage more than 400 peasant revolts against collectivization (mostly Western Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Northern Caucasus) January 1930: A purge of engineers begins in the Donbass (by June 1931 almost half of all engineers are fired) January 1930: The government launches a campaign against entrepreneurs February 1930: Peasants stage more than 1,000 peasant revolts against collectivization and more than 20,000 people are arrested in the Ukraine alone March 1930: Peasants stage more than 6,500 peasant revolts against collectivization with thousands of people killed March 1930: Another uprising in Chechnya is repressed by the NKVD April 1930: The GPU establishes the "GULAG" (Chief Administration of Corrective Labor Camps and Colonies) to handle prisoners in labor camps June 1930: Maurice Thorez is elected leader of the French Communist Party July 1930: The Gulag manages 140,000 prisoners August 1930: The GPU launches a wave of arrests of "specialists" accused of "sabotage" (i.e., criticism of the Five Year Plan), claiming conspiracies by a Peasant Workers' Party led by physicist Nikolai Kondratyev and by an Industrial Party led by physicist Leonid Ramzin September 1930: 48 civil servants are executed for "sabotage" after a show trial TM, ®, Copyright © 2008 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. 1930: More than 20,000 people are sentenced to death in the Soviet Union in 1930 1930: 1.8 million peasants are deported in 1930-31, about 300,000 die and more than 100,000 are used in labor camps to contribute to the economy (railways, canals, mines, construction...) March 1931: The Andreev commission is put in charge of rationalizing the system of "work colonies" (labor camps) November 1931: Work begins on the White Sea-Baltic Sea Canal (Belomorkanal), the first major project that employed forced labor (the 100,000 prisoners of the Belbaltlag camp) December 1931: The Soviet government destroys the Christ the Savior Cathedral December 1931: The Soviet government requests 41% of agricultural production in Ukraine, 47% in Northern Caucasus and 49.5% in Kazakhstan 1932: One million people in Kazakhstan die of famine (caused by forced collectivization), and two million emigrated (1.5 million to China and 500,000 to Central Asia) March 1932: Jose Diaz is elected leader of the Spanish Communist Party and adopts the Stalinist ideology April 1932: The Sevvostlag camp is set up to provide workforce for the Kolyma region April 1932: A third uprising in Chechnya is repressed by the NKVD September 1932: Work on the Moskow-Volga Canal starts, employing forced labor October 1932: A commission led by Vyacheslav Molotov travels to Ukraine and Northern Caucasus to speed up the process of requisition of agricultural products November 1932: The Molotov commission launches a campaign against "saboteurs" in the Northern Caucasus and Ukraine (tens of thousands are deported) December 1932: The domestic passport is introduced and a number of cities are declared "closed" (Moskow, Leningrad, Kiev, Odessa, Minsk, Kharkiv, Rostov, Vladivostok) 1932: The GPU hands down 240,000 convictions in 1932 January 1933: Mass starvation in Ukraine ("Holodomor") caused by Stalin's forced collectivization kills five million people in 1933 January 1933: Stalin orders that people be forbidden to leave the areas affected by the famine June 1933: At least 203,000 people are held in labor camps in Siberia June 1933: Mass deportation of Gypsies from Moskow to Siberian work colonies July 1933: City dwellers are rounded up and deported to the countryside to help with the harvest August 1933: The White Sea-Baltic Sea Canal (Belomorkanal) is inaugurated (it cost the lives of more than 10,000 Gulag prisoners) May 1934: The Soviet Union establishes the Jewish Autonomous Region of Birobidzhan near the border with China July 1934: The GPU is renamed NKVD and the Gulag is reorganized December 1934: Stalin's collaborator Sergey Kirov is assassinated and blame is placed on Trotsky, prompting Stalin to begin the "Great Terror" to annihilate the Communist Party's left and right wings, led respectively by Leon Trotsky and Nikolai Bukharin December 1934: More than 500,000 people are held in the Gulag January 1935: Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev are arrested, tried, forced to confess "moral complicity" in the Kirov assassination and sent to prison January 1935: The Gulag of the GPU contains 965,000 prisoners and each camp is assigned to some economic tasks (Solovetski's 45,000 prisoners provide wood, Ukhpechlag's 51,000 prisoners extract coal and oil, Western Siberia's 63,000 prisoners work in the mines of Kuzbassugol, Steplag's 30,000 prisoners in Kazakhstan cultivate the steppes, Dmitlag's 196,000 prisoners build the canal from Moskow to the Volga, Sevvostlag's 36,000 prisoners extract gold in Kolyma) January 1935: Work begins on the Baikal-Amur Magistral railroad, employing the 150,000 prisoners of the Bamlag camp March 1935: 10,000 Finns are deported from Karelia to Siberia and Kazakhstan April 1935: The NKVD rounds up street kids and deports them to work colonies (more than 150,000 between 1935 and 1939) May 1935: The Moskow subway is inaugurated June 1935: The Norilsk camp is set up to provide the labor force for a nickel production center in the Arctic Circle August 1935: the miner Aleksej Stakanov becomes a Soviet hero for his amazing productivity (he extracts 102 tons of coal in 5h45') November 1935: The "Conference of the Avantgarde Worker" endorses Stakhanovism December 1935: The Gulag has 800,000 prisoners in camps and 300,000 in colonies 1935: The GPU hands down 267,000 convictions in 1935 February 1936: The Popular Front, comprising the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), wins the elections in Spain April 1936: 50,000 Poles and Germans are deported from Ukraine to Kazakhstan April 1936: Only 17 thousand priests are left of the 112,000 who operated in 1914 June 1936: More than 14,000 industrial manages are arrested for sabotage in the first half of 1936 alone July 1936: The fascists under Francisco Franco start a civil war against the Popular Front in Spain August 1936: Accused of a conspiracy led by Leon Trotsky against the Soviet government, Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev are executed ("Trial of the Sixteen") August 1936: The Soviet Union helps organize "International Brigades" to fight in Spain against Franco September 1936: Nikolai Yezhov/Ezhov becomes the head of the NKVD (secret police) at the peak of the Great Terror September 1936: The Soviet Union decides to send military aid and advisers (more than 2,000) to help the communists in Spain 1936: The GPU hands down 274,000 convictions in 1936 January 1937: Trotsky moves to Mexico March 1937: Stalin launches a campaign against "deviationism" that leads to the arrest of thousands of intellectuals (including scientists such as Andrei Tupolev and Sergei Korolev and writers such as Isaac Babel and Osip Mandelstam) April 1937: Georgy Malenkov, the deputy to Nikolai Ezhov in the NKVD, launches a campaign to finish off both the Christian and Islamic infrastructures May 1937: More than 170,000 Koreans are deported to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan from may to october May 1937: Stalin begins the purge of the Red Army (in 18 months 3 out of 5 marshals, 13 out of 15 army generals, 8 out of 9 admirals and a total of 35,000 officers are liquidated) May 1937: Communist agents instigated by the NKVD (renamed Grupo de Informacion) under the command of Alfredo Hertz assassinate political enemies of the Left (POUM) in Spain June 1937: Trial of Red Army generals, including general Mikhail Tukhachevsky June 1937: The leader of the Polish Communist Party, Julian Lenski, is liquidated in Moskow June 1937: Hungarian communist leader Bela Kun is accused of Trotskyism and deported to the Gulag (and later executed) July 1937: Stalin orders the immediate arrest of all kulaks with quotas for each region of how many must be deported and how many executed (260,000 are arrested and 73,000 executed in the next four months and in the following months the quotas are increased) July 1937: The Moskow-Volga Canal is inaugurated July 1937: Purges of local party officials are carried out by Andrei Zdanov (Leningrad, Tatarstan, etc), Nikita Krushev (Ukraine), Andreev (Northern Caucasus), etc July 1937: Trotskyist agent Rudolf Klement is liquidated in France August 1937: Stalin orders the liquidation of several ethnic groups (Germans, Poles, Japanese, Finns, etc) September 1937: Trotskyist agent Ignaz Reiss is liquidated in Switzerland November 1937: Stalin orders a great purge of the Polish communist party December 1937: 285,000 Greeks living in Russian cities are deported to Siberia and to the north March 1938: Bukharin and Rykov are tried, forced to confess and executed in a show trial ("Trial of the Twenty One") September 1938: Trotsky founds the Fourth International November 1938: Lavrenti Beria replaces Nikolai Ezhov as head of the secret police (NKVD), an event that ends the "Great Terror" (1.5 million people have been arrested in two years, 680 thousand have been executed, and more than 100 thousand have died in camps) March 1939: The Popular Front loses the civil war in Spain May 1939: A border incident triggers the battle of Khalkin Gol between the Soviet Union and Japan August 1939: Led by general Georgy Zhukov, the Soviet Union defeats Japan in the battle of Khalkin Gol August 1939: Stalin and Hitler sign a non-aggression pact including the partition of Poland (and assigns the Baltic states, Finland and Romania's Bessarabia to the Soviet Union) September 1939: Germany invades Poland and starts World War II September 1939: The Soviet Union invades Poland a few days after Germany and annexes the territories lost in 1921 (12 million Belarussians, Ukrainians and Poles) September 1939: The Soviet occupation of Western Ukraine triggers a Ukrainian war of resistance led by the OUN October 1939: The Soviet Union invades Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia November 1939: The Soviet Union invades Finland December 1939: The Gulag has 1.3 million prisoners in camps and 350,000 in colonies (Bamlag is the largest camp with 260,000 prisoners) December 1939: According to the census, there are 1.4 million Germans living in the Soviet Union January 1940: The Gulag contains 1,670,000 prisoners distributed in 53 camps and 425 colonies February 1940: Nikolai Ezhov is executed February 1940: The Soviet Union begins the deportation of Poles to Siberia and Kazakhstan (381,000 by June 1941) February 1940: Stalin arrests 570 German communists and delivers them to the Gestapo March 1940: The Soviet Union executes 25,700 Polish nationalists ("Katyn Massacre") March 1940: Finland surrenders to the Soviet Union May 1940: 4400 Polish prisoners are shot in Katyn, 3896 Polish prisoners are shot in Kharkiv, 6287 Polish prisoners are shot in Kalinin, 3405 Polish prisoners are shot in Ukraine and 3880 Polish prisoners are shot in Belorussia June 1940: The Soviet Union introduces draconian work laws (including a seven-day work week) July 1940: Only the Communist Party is allowed to present candidates at the parliamentary elections in the Baltic states August 1940: The parliaments of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia vote for annexation in the Soviet Union August 1940: The Soviet Union annexes Bessarabia from Romania and splits it between Ukraine and the newly proclaimed republic of Moldova, while 43,000 people are deported from those territories August 1940: Trotsky is assassinated in Mexico and Stalin is the only survivor of the six members of the original Politburo of the October Revolution (the other five having been executed or assassinated) January 1941: The Gulag has 1,930,000 prisoners (the Sevvostlag camp alone has 190,309 prisoners)a, and 500,000 people from the newly acquired territories have been deported June 1941: More than 80,000 people are deported from the Baltic states, Moldavia, Belorussia, Western Ukraine to Siberia and Kazakhstan June 1941: Germany invades Russia (190 German divisions, 10 Romanian divisions, 9 Romanian and 4 Hungarian brigades) and immediately seizes the Baltic states June 1941: The NKVD executes 13,000 prisoners July 1941: Italy, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Finland declare war on the Soviet Union July 1941: A radio address by Stalin launches the "Great Patriotic War" against Germany July 1941: German troops seize Smolensk August 1941: More than 90,000 Germans and Finns are deported from the Leningrad area September 1941: More than 440,000 Germans of the Volga Republic and other regions are deported to Kazakhstan and Siberia September 1941: German troops seize Kiev, capital of Ukraine October 1941: More than 100,000 Germans of the Caucasus and Crimea are deported October 1941: German troops begin the 900-day siege of Leningrad October 1941: The USA begins sending military aid to the Soviet Union October 1941: The Soviet Union dismantles factories and moves them to the east November 1941: German troops take Rostov December 1941: After successfully defending Moskow, general Georgy Zhukov launches a counteroffensive against the Germans December 1941: 101 thousand prisoners have died in 1941 in prison camps December 1941: Almost 900,000 Germans have been deported to Kazakhstan and Siberia in 1941 December 1941: by the end of 1941 the Soviet Union has relocated 162 camps with 750,000 prisoners to the east February 1942: The Greek communists set up a Liberation Army (ELAS) March 1942: Jose Diaz is assassinated in the Soviet Union April 1942: The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee is established July 1942: German troops take Rostov-on-Don and occupy the Caucasus July 1942: German troops take Sevastopol (Crimea) July 1942: Georgy Zhukov defends Stalingrad/Volgograd from the German attack July 1942: Taken prisoner by the Germans, general Andrei Vlasov creates an army for the liberation of Russia December 1942: 249 thousand prisoners have died in 1941 in prison camps February 1943: Georgy Zhukov's troops defeat the German troops at Stalingrad/Volgograd (the bloodiest battle of all times, having killed 1.5 million people in less than one year) July 1943: The battle of Kursk is the first battle almost entirely fought by tanks November 1943: Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet at the Tehran Conference December 1943: Accused of collaborating with Germany, 93 thousand Kalmyks are deported to Siberia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kirgizstan December 1943: Yugoslav communist leader Josip Broz "Tito" founds the Liberation Army AVNOJ December 1943: 167 thousand prisoners have died in 1941 in prison camps January 1944: Georgy Zhukov ends the siege of Leningrad January 1944: Soviet troops push the Germans back to the Polish border February 1944: Accused of collaborating with Germany, 521 thousand Chechens are deported to Siberia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kirgizstan April 1944: Soviet troops liberate Odessa May 1944: Accused of collaborating with Germany, 170 thousand Tatars of Crimea are deported to Siberia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kirgizstan May 1944: Soviet troops liberate Sevastopol June 1944: Accused of collaborating with Germany, 37 thousand Bulgars, Greeks and Armenians of Crimea are deported July 1944: Soviet troops liberate Belarus and Western Ukraine July 1944: The Soviet re-occupation of Western Ukraine triggers a second Ukrainian war of resistance led by the OUN under Roman Shukhovic July 1944: Accused of collaborating with Germany, 90 thousand Kurds and Turks of Georgia are deported to Kazakhstan and Kirgizstan July 1944: Accused of collaborating with Germany, the Greeks, Bulgars, Armenians, Kurds and Turks are deported from Crimea and Caucasus to Siberia and Kazakhstan August 1944: The Soviet Union invades Romania September 1944: The Soviet Union invades Bulgaria and Estonia October 1944: The Soviet Union invades Yugoslavia November 1944: The Soviet Union invades Slovakia November 1944: When the metropolitan of Ukraine dies, the Soviet Union forces a union of the Ukrainian church with the Russian Orthodox Church February 1945: Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin hold a conference in Yalta February 1945: The Soviet Union invades Hungary January 1945: The Soviet Union invades Poland April 1945: Georgy Zhukov captures Vienna and Berlin May 1945: Germany surrenders after 30 million people have died on the "Eastern Front" August 1945: The Soviet Union attacks Japan in Manchuria, taking Sakhalin and the Kuril islands See the timeline of Russia for the events following the war TM, ®, Copyright © 2008 Piero Scaruffi All rights reserved. |
(Copyright © 2008 Piero Scaruffi) |
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